Carbohydrates Flashcards
(28 cards)
3 common monosaccharides
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What is a monosaccharides
The monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made
What does the condensation reaction between two monosaccharides form which bond
A glycosidic bond
What two monosaccharides condense to form maltose
Two glucose molecules
3 different disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What two monosaccharides condense to form sucrose
Glucose molecules + fructose molecule
What two monosaccharides condense to form lactose
Glucose molecule + galactose molecule
How many isomers does glucose have
What are they called
2
Alpha and beta
How are polysaccharides formed
The condensation of many glucose units
How are glycogen and starch formed
The condensation of a-glucose
How is cellulose formed
The condensation of b-glucose
Formula glucose
C6H12O6
What are sugars with 6 carbon atoms called
Hexose sugars
What are single sugar molecules called
Monosaccharides
Key feature of monosaccharides with water + why
They are soluble in water
Large number OH groups ( hydroxyl group) these can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules so are soluable
What does hydrophilic means + what this mean the molecule does
Water loving
All hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water
What is a pentose monosaccharide
Contains 5 carbor atoms
Example of a pentose monosaccharide
Ribose
What type of monosaccharide is glucose
Hexose monosaccharide
How to tell difference between a-glucose and b- glucose
If the hydroxyl group (OH) is above H the it is b-glucose
If the hydroxyl group (OH) is below H the it is a-glucose
How do disaccharides form
When two monosaccharides chemically react together
a-glucose + a-glucose =
Maltose
What do we also produce when we make a disaccharides + how
Water
Hydrogen atom + hydroxyl atom
What happens during a hydrolysis reaction (to do with saccarides)
Water is added to the disaccharides
To break glycosidic bond
convert it back into two monosaccharides
