Nucleic Acids As Information-Carrying Molecules

Question 1

Name for DNA full

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

Full name for RNA

Answer 2

Ribonucleic

Question 3

What does DNA do

Answer 3

Hold genetic information

Question 4

How are ribosomes formed from

Answer 4

RNA and proteins

Question 5

What are both DNA and RNA

Answer 5

Polymers of nucleotides

Question 6

What is each nucleotide formed from

Answer 6

Pentose (pentagon)
Nitrogen-containing organic base (rectangle)
Phosphate group ( circle)

Question 7

What are the four bases

Answer 7

A- Adenine
C- Cytosine
G- guanine
T - Thymine

Question 8

What are the components of RNA nucleotide

Answer 8

Ribose
Phosphate group
Organic base - adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 9

What are the four organic bases in RNA

Answer 9

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil

Question 10

What does a condensation reaction between two nucleotides form

Answer 10

Phosphodiester bond

Question 11

Describe a DNA molecule

Answer 11

Double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs

Question 12

Describe structure of an RNA molecule

Answer 12

A relatively short polynucleotide chain

Question 13

What shape is the phosphate group on a drawing of DNA

Answer 13

A circle

Question 14

What shape is the pentose sugar in a drawing of DNA

Answer 14

Pentagon

Question 15

What shape is a base on the drawing of DNA

Answer 15

A rectangles

Question 16

What is the name of the pentose sugar in DNA

Answer 16

Deoxyribose

Question 17

What is the name of the pentose sugar in RNA

Answer 17

Ribose

Question 18

Name of the 4 bases in DNA

Answer 18

A-Adenine
T-Thymine
C- Cytosine
G- Guanine

Question 19

What are the bases with a double ring structure called

Answer 19

Purines

Question 20

Which bases have a double ring structure x2

Answer 20

Adenine
Guanine

Question 21

What a single ring structure DNA bases called

Answer 21

Pyrimidines

Question 22

Which bases of DNA are pyrimidines

Answer 22

Thymine
Cytosine

Question 23

Which bases does RNA not contain

Answer 23

Thymine

Question 24

What base does RNA contain

Answer 24

A,C,G
And.. Uracil

Question 25

What is the bond between 2 nucleotides called

Answer 25

Phosphodiester bond

Question 26

What type of reaction is a phosphodiester bond and why? (Hint: what is released)

Answer 26

Condensation reaction Water is released

Question 27

How to break phosphodiester bond (Name of reaction)

Answer 27

Add water Hydrolysis’ reaction

Question 28

What are the 2 strands on DNA called Names of each individual one (hint outside and inside)

Answer 28

Polynucleotide strands 1)Sugar-phosphate backbone 2) Bases in center

Question 29

Where are the hydrogen bonds in DNA

Answer 29

Form between the opposite strands on the bases

Question 30

Why is the distance between the sugar phosphate backbone constant

Answer 30

A purine always pair with pyrimidines on the opposite strand

Question 31

Which way do the 2 polynucleotide strands run in DNA

Answer 31

Antiparallel (Opposite directions)

Question 32

How many hydrogen bonds do Cytosine and Guanine form

Answer 32

3

Question 33

How many hydrogen bonds do Thymine and Adenine form

Answer 33

2

Question 34

Where is DNA found

Answer 34

In chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 35

Difference in size between DNA and RNA

Answer 35

DNA- extremely long molecule RNA- relatively short polynucleotide chain

Question 36

Is uracil a purine or pyrimidines

Answer 36

Pyrimidine

Question 37

What does Uracil pair with

Answer 37

Adenine

Question 38

Are phosphodiester bonds weak or strong

Answer 38

Very strong

Question 39

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong

Answer 39

Weak

Question 40

Which bonds hold nucleotides together

Answer 40

Phosphodiester bonds which are Covalent bonds

Question 41

Two differences between structure of tRNA and mRNA

Answer 41

tRNA has an amino acid binding sit mRNA does not tRNA has a ‘clover leaf shape’ whereas mRNA is linear

Question 42

Name the fixed position occupied by a gene on a DNA molecule

Answer 42

Loci

Question 43

Describe how an enzyme can be phosphorylated.

Answer 43

Attachment of phosphate That’s is released from the hydrolisis of ATP

Question 44

Give three ways in which the DNA in a chloroplast is different from DNA in the nucleus

Answer 44

In chloroplasts DNA shorter Fewer genes DNA not bound to histones up unlike nuclear DNA

Question 45

Structure of DNA x5

Answer 45

Polymer of nucleotides Each nucleotides has deoxyribose phosphate and organic base Phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides Double helix star and held by hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases A&T and C&G