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biological molecules > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monomer

A

Small units which larger molecules are made

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2
Q

What is a polymer

A

many monomers join together by a condensation reaction
E.g polysaccharides proteins DNA/RNA

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3
Q

What is a condensation reaction

A

A chemical bond is formed between 2 molecules and it involves the elimination of a water molecule

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4
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction

A

A water molecule is used to break a chemical bond between 2 molecules

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5
Q

What is a monosaccharide

A

Monomers which larger carbohydrates are made

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6
Q

Give examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose fructose galactose

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7
Q

A condensation of 2 monosaccharides form a what

A

Glycosidic bond

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8
Q

How is a disaccharide formed

A

By the condensation of 2 monosaccharides

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9
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

Formed by the condensation of many glucose units

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10
Q

How is glycogen and starch formed

A

By the condensation of alpha glucose

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11
Q

Glucose + glucose

A

Maltose

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12
Q

Glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose

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13
Q

Glucose + galactose

A

Lactose

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14
Q

What is the function of starch

A
  • storage polymer of alpha glucose in plant cells
    -insoluble so it doesn’t affect water potential
    -many terminal glucose molecules makes it highly branched- gives it a large surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
    -helix with intermolecular hydrogen bonds makes it compact to fit lots of glucose in a small space
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15
Q

What is the function of glycogen

A

-it is a storage polymer of alpha glucose in animal cells

-branched increases surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
-compact good for storage
-no osmosis so doesn’t affect water potential and does not diffuse out of cells

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16
Q

What is them function of cellulose

A

-polymer of beta glucose give rigidity to plant cell wall
-insoluble- dosent affect water potential
-unbranched molecule
-hydrogen bonds connect chains to form strong fibers called microfibirills which makes it strong

17
Q

What’s the Benedict’s test for reducing sugars

A

-add Benedict’s reagent to a sample and heat in water bath
-if positive it turns blue to brick red

18
Q

What is the test for non reducing sugars

A

Hydrolyse monomers by adding hydrochloric acid
Heat in water bath
Neutralise using sodium carbonate
Use Benedict’s test

19
Q

What is the test for starch

A

Add iodine
Positive result is a colour change orange to blue-black

20
Q

what is the structure of starch

A
  • made of 2 polymers amylose and amylopectin
    amylose- unbranched helix makes it compact
    amylopectin- branched molecule
21
Q

what is starch

A

a polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose which has 1-4 glycosidic bonds in amylose and 1-4 and 1-6 in amylopectin found in pant cells

22
Q

what is cellulose

A

a polysaccharide made up of beta glucose which has 1-4 glycosidic bonds found in plant cells

23
Q

function of starch summarised

A

store of glucose

24
Q

function of cellulose summarised

A

to strengthen cell wall

25
Q

what is the structure of cellulose

A

polymer forms long straight chains. chains are held in parallel to form microfibirills
long,unbranched chains of beta glucose

26
Q

what is glycogen

A

a polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds found in animal cells

27
Q

basic function of glycogen summarised

A

store of glucose

28
Q

what is the structure of glycogen

A

a highly branched molecule and compact

29
Q

what are the 3 disaccharides

A

sucrose,maltose,lactose

30
Q

what are examples of monomers

A

glucose
nucleotides
amino acids

31
Q

what are examples of polymers

A

starch cellulose and glycogen
DNA/RNA
proteins

biological molecules (6 decks)

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