Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is a monosaccharides basic formulae

Answer 1

1:2:1. Carbon:(H2:oxygen)

Question 2

What is maltose made up of

Answer 2

A glucose + A glucose

Question 3

What is lactose made up of

Answer 3

A glucose + Galactose

Question 4

What is sucrose made from

Answer 4

A glucose + fructose

Question 5

What is a disaccharide

Answer 5

Two monosaccharide units join together forming a glycosidic bond

Question 6

What is the general name for a monosaccharide with 3 carbons

Answer 6

Triose

Question 7

What is the general name for a monosaccharide with 4 carbons

Answer 7

Tetrose

Question 8

What is the general name for a monosaccharide with 5 carbons

Answer 8

Pentose e.g ribose making up part of RNA molecules

Question 9

What is the general name for a monosaccharide with 6 carbons

Answer 9

Hexose e.g A glucose and B glucose

Question 10

What is the reducing sugar test

Answer 10

Add 2cm3 of an unknown sugar mixed with an equal amount of Benedict’s reagent. Heat in water bathe for 5 minutes then observe results
Goes from blue to red if present

Question 11

Why is Benedict’s reagent used for the reducing sugars test

Answer 11

It is made up of cu2+ ions which are blue then a reducing sugar will make them gain an electron turning into cu+ions witch are red

Question 12

What does oil rig stand for

Answer 12

Oxidation
Is
Loss
Reduction
Is
Gain

Question 13

where is starch found

Answer 13

found in plant cells in the form of granules
energy store for plants

Question 14

what is starch made from

Answer 14

starch is made from a glucose monomers

Question 15

what is the test for starch

Answer 15

Add iodene in the form of potassium iodide to test solution
f starch is present the solution will change from yellow/orange to blue/black

Question 16

how does starch’s structure relate to its function

Answer 16

-coiled so is compact meaning a lot an be stored in a small space
-branched so that there is more ends for a faster hydrolysis of glucose molecules to be used in respiration for energy release.
-large and insoluble so it does not diffuse out of cells

Question 17

where is glycogen found

Answer 17

found in animal cells stored as small granules and found in muscles or the liver

Question 18

what is glycogens main role

Answer 18

energy storage in animals

Question 19

what monomer is glycogen made from

Answer 19

a glucose

Question 20

is glycogen very branched

Answer 20

yes, glycogen has more a glu1-6 bonds resulting in a very branched structure

Question 21

how does glycogens structure relate to its function

Answer 21

-coiled so is compact
-branched so more ends for a faster hydrolysis
-large and insoluble so doesn’t diffuse out of cells or affect water potential

Question 22

What is the role of cellulose

Answer 22

Structural role provided strength in plant cell walls

Question 23

What is cellulose made up of

Answer 23

Beta glucose monomers

Question 24

What is the function of cellulose

Answer 24

-provides strength in cell walls
-prevents cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis
-maintains turgidity in plant cells

Question 25

What is the structure of cellulose like

Answer 25

-B glucose chains run parallel to each other and hydrogen bonds form between the OH groups on parallel chains forming cross linkages

Question 26

Why is cellulose straight and unbranched

Answer 26

Every other glucose is flipped 180 degrees to allow the glycosidic bond to form between beta glucose monomer so that OH groups can face each other