Carbohydrates.

Question 1

Monosaccharides formula and types.

Answer 1

-CnH2nOn
-Glucose,fructose,pentose,triose,galactose.

Question 2

Hexose sugars formula and names w/ uses.

Answer 2

-C6H12O6
-Glucose=starts respiration, transport of sugars in animals.
-Galactose=part of lactose.
-Fructose-in fruit.

Question 3

Pentose sugars formula and names w/ uses.

Answer 3

-C5H10O5
-Ribose=in RNA and ATP.
-Deoxyribose=in DNA.

Question 4

Triose sugar formula and names w/ uses.

Answer 4

-C3H10O5
-Glyceraldehyde=found in respiration.

Question 5

Alpha glucose structure.

Answer 5

OH group=down,down,up,down starting from right carbon(1).

Question 6

Beta glucose structure.

Answer 6

Up down up down from right carbon(1).

Question 7

Galactose structure.

Answer 7

-Down, down, up, up.

Question 8

Fructose structure.

Answer 8

Look at pics and practice drawing.

Question 9

Glycogen all facts.

Answer 9

-Made of alpha glucose
-Highly branched
-Straight 1,4 glycosidic bond chains
-Branched 1,6 glycosidic bond chains
-Energy storage in the muscles and liver of animals.

Question 10

Cellulose all facts.

Answer 10

-Beta glucose monomers
-Micro fibril(parallel fibres) structure w/ H bonds and small molecules can pass through permeable gaps
-1,1 or 1,4 glycosidic bonds
-Monomer flipped 180 degrees each time
-Straight chained
-Structure in cell walls of plants.

Question 11

Chitin all facts.

Answer 11

-Beta glucose and nitrogen
-Same structure as cellulose
-In animals exoskeleton(insects) and cell wall in fungi=structural uses.

Question 12

Starch—>amylose all facts.

Answer 12

-Alpha glucose
-Spiral w/ H bonds holding in place between glucose molecules
-1,4 glycosidic bonds
-straight chained
-in chloroplasts
-Stores energy because dense and large so cant diffuse out of cell
-Insoluble=doesnt affect water potential.

Question 13

Starch–>amylopectin all facts.

Answer 13

-alpha glucose
-Branched chain
-straight 1,4 bonds
-branched 1,6 bonds
-Energy storage in chloroplasts because quick release because of exposed glucose at end of chains
-Insoluble=doesnt affect water potential.

Question 14

Alpha glucose condensation reaction.

Answer 14

-2 alpha glucose
-makes maltose and H2O
-Glucosidic bond between carbon 1 and 4
-opposite for break down=hydrolysis.

Question 15

Sucrose monomers.

Answer 15

alpha glucose, fructose.(makes water too)

Question 16

Lactose monomers.

Answer 16

Alpha glucose and galactose(makes water too).

Question 17

Maltose, sucrose and lactose uses.

Answer 17

Maltose- in germinating seeds.
Sucrose-found in phloem.
Lactose- in mammals milk.

Question 18

Reducing sugars test.

Answer 18

-Benedicts solution
-Heat equal volumes of reagant and sample
-Blue–>brick-red
-How far goes along rainbow=how concentrated sample.

Question 19

Non-reducing sugars test.

Answer 19

-Heat w/ HCL(sample) and add alkaline to benedicts.
-Then carry out same method as reducing.