Cell Theory and differences between animal and plant cells.

Question 1

Why are viruses not classed as ‘living’?

Answer 1

• They are not made of cells.
• They cannot reproduce/ replicate without a host.

Question 2

What is Cell Theory?

Answer 2

The idea that all living things:
- Are made of cell(s).
- Can produce more cells from other cells/ all existing cells are produced by other living cells.
- The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Question 3

Eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 3

• Plant cells.
• Animal cells.
• Fungi cells.
• Protist cells.

Question 4

Prokaryotic organisms.

Answer 4

• Bacteria.

Question 5

Akaryotic organisms.

Answer 5

• Viruses.

Question 6

Exclusive plant properties.

Answer 6

• Chloroplasts.
• Cell wall.
• Large, permanent vacuole.

Question 7

Not as well known organelles in animal and plants.

Answer 7

• Microtubules (determine cell shape, transport, movement, cell locomotion, chromosome separtion during mitosis).
• Secretory vesicles (mediates vesicular transport from an organelle to specific sites at cell membrane, where it docks and fuses to release it’s contents).

Question 8

Exclusive animal properties.

Answer 8

• Centrioles ( barrel-shaped pairs in cytoplasm near nuclear envelope), help to organise microtubules (cell’s skeletal system), help determine location of nucleus and other organelles in cell.
• Cell membrane has plasma.

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells properties.

Answer 9

• Membrane bound organelles.
• Membrane enclosed nucleus.

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells properties.

Answer 10

• No membrane-bound organelles.
• DNA floats freely in cytoplasm and ribosomes do too.
• Cell membrane.
• No nucleus.
• Unicellular.
• No lysosomes or peroxisomes.
• No endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
• Smaller ribosomes (70s).
• Chemically complex cell wall.
• Usually no plasma membrane with steroids.