Carbohydrates

Question 1

the most abundant biomolecules on earth

Answer 1

polyhydroxylated carbon

Question 2

carbohydrates has three elements, name each

Answer 2

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 3

ratio of hydrogen: oxygen

Answer 3

2:1

Question 4

Structure of Carbonyl group

Answer 4

C=O

Question 5

Structure of Hydroxyl group

Answer 5

-OH

Question 6

Number of Carbon Atoms: Tetrose

Answer 6

4 carbons

Question 7

Number of Carbon Atoms: Pentose

Answer 7

5 carbons

Question 8

Number of Carbon Atoms: Triose

Answer 8

3 Carbons

Question 9

Number of Carbon Atoms: Hexose

Answer 9

6 carbons

Question 10

most significant in monosaccharides

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

Location of the Carbonyl Group: Co is located at the internal carbon

Answer 11

Ketose (Ketone)

Question 12

Location of the Carbonyl Group: CO is located at the end of the carbon chains

Answer 12

Aldose (Aldehyde)

Question 13

Type of Stereoisomerism: polygonal in shape, refers to the position of the -OH in the anomeric C1

Answer 13

Haworth Projection

Question 14

mirror image, some chemical formula different configuration

Answer 14

Stereoisomerism

Question 15

Type of Stereoisomerism: Refers to the position of the hydroxyl group AWAY from the aldehyde functional group

Answer 15

Fischer Projection

Question 16

has glucose, galactose, fructose
simple sugars
cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler form

Answer 16

Monosaccharides

Question 17

All monosaccharides formed together or at least two

Answer 17

Disaccharides

Question 18

Chaining of 3-10 sugar units

Answer 18

Oligosaccharides

Question 19

Type of Disaccharides: Glucose + Fructose , Common table sugar

Answer 19

SUCROSE

Question 20

Type of Disaccharides: Glucose + Glucose

Answer 20

Maltose

Question 21

Type of Disaccharides: Glucose + Galactose, Milk Sugar

Answer 21

LACTOSE

Question 22

Type of Polysaccharides: Primary CHO in the diet and is found in most plants (glucose molecules)

Answer 22

STARCH

Question 23

Type of Polysaccharides: The storage form of CHO, Formed from glucose by the liver and muscle

Answer 23

GLYCOGEN

Question 24

Type of Polysaccharides: Another polysaccharide in plants, Not digested by humans, it does not provide bulk for proper intestinal functioning (25-2500 glucose units)

Answer 24

CELLULOSE

Question 25

osmotic resistance necessary for cartilage to resist

Answer 25

Aggrecan

Question 26

1 gram of carbohydrate

Answer 26

4kCal

Question 27

enzyme which helps to start the chemical digestion of food

Answer 27

Salivary Amylase

Question 28

source of salivary amylase

Answer 28

salivary glands

Question 29

mechanical digestion

Answer 29

mouth

Question 30

Completes the digestion of starch and glycogen

Answer 30

Pancreatic Amylase

Question 31

source and route of pancreatic amylase

Answer 31

source: pancreas route: small intestine

Question 32

digestion of disaccharides

Answer 32

small intestine

Question 33

Intestinal Absorption: need para makapasok sa energy or ATP, Glucose and Galactose

Answer 33

Active Transport

Question 34

Intestinal Absorption: no need ng energy or ATP, Fructose

Answer 34

Passive Transport

Question 35

meaning of genesis?

Answer 35

creation

Question 36

Catabolism of Glucose to Pyruvate or Lactate with the production of ATP

Answer 36

Embden- Meyeroff (Glycolysis)

Question 37

Oxidase glucose to ribose and CO2

Answer 37

Hexose Monosphosphate Shunt

Question 38

Glucose is converted to glycogen (occurs after heavy meal)

Answer 38

Glycogenesis

Question 39

Breakdown of Glycogen to form GLUCOSE regulates glucose levels between meals

Answer 39

Glycogenolysis

Question 40

Breakdown of Glycogen to form GLUCOSE Regulates glucose levels between meals

Answer 40

Glycogenolysis

Question 41

Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (AA, CHON, GLYCEROL, LACTATE)

Answer 41

Gluconeogenesis

Question 42

Conversion of CHO to fatty acids

Answer 42

Lipogenesis

Question 43

Decomposition of Fats

Answer 43

Lipolysis

Question 44

Maraming sini-secrete na hormone

Answer 44

Pancreas

Question 45

Secrete the blood straight in bloodstream

Answer 45

endocrine

Question 46

has ducts in cell

Answer 46

exocrine

Question 47

secretes glucagon

Answer 47

Alpha Cell

Question 48

secretes insulin

Answer 48

beta cell

Question 49

secretes somatostatin

Answer 49

delta cell

Question 50

secretes pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 50

F cell

Question 51

precursor of insulin

Answer 51

pro insulin

Question 52

precursor of insulin

Answer 52

pro insulin

Question 53

only hypoglycemic hormone

Answer 53

insulin

Question 54

used to differentiate diabetes mellitus 1 and 2

Answer 54

C- Peptide

Question 55

meaning of C-peptide

Answer 55

Connecting Peptide