Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the 2 types of Biochemical substances?

Answer 1

Bioinorganic Substances and Bioorganic Substances

Question 2

Biochemical substances that DO NOT contain Carbon

Answer 2

Bioinorganic Substances

Question 3

Biochemical Substances that contains Carbon

Answer 3

Bioorganic Substances

Question 3

What are the 2 Bioinorganic Substances?

Answer 3

water and inorganic salts

Question 3

-The most abundant class of bioorganic molecules on planet Earth.
-It constitute about 75% by mass of dry plant materials.

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 3

What are the 4 Bioorganic substances?

Answer 3

Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids

Question 3

the provides energy reserves for the plants in plants?

Answer 3

starch

Question 3

it serves as the structural elements in plants?

Answer 3

cellulose

Question 4

Plants have two main uses for the carbohydrates they produce. What are they?

Answer 4

Starch and Cellulose

Question 4

What are the 4 classification of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides

Question 4

Enumerate 3 MONOSACCHARIDES

Answer 4

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 4

Enumerate 3 DISACCHARIDES

Answer 4

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Question 5

Enumerate 2 OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Answer 5

Trisaccharides, Tetrasaccharides

Question 6

Enumerate 3 POLYSACCHARIDES

Answer 6

Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen

Question 7

What are the composition of Sucrose

Answer 7

1 Glucose and 1 Fructose

Question 8

What are the composition of Lactose

Answer 8

1 Glucose and 1 Galactose

Question 9

What are the composition of Maltose

Answer 9

2 Glucose

Question 10

Examples of Trioses

Answer 10

Glyceraldehyde [aldotriose] and Dihydroxyacetone [ketotriose]

Question 11

Examples of Tetroses

Answer 11

Erythrose [aldotetrose] and Erythulose [ketotetrose]

Question 12

Examples of Pentoses

Answer 12

Ribose [aldopentose] and
Ribulose [ketopentose]

Question 12

Examples of Hexoses

Answer 12

Glucose, Galactose, Mannose [aldohexose] and Fructose [ketohexose]

Question 12

Examples of Heptoses

Answer 12

Sedoheptulose and Mannoheptulose

Question 13

-are images that coincide at all points when the images are laud upon each other.

Answer 13

Superimposable

Question 13

-are images where NOT all points coincide when the images are laid upon each

Answer 13

Nonsuperimposable

Question 13

is an atom in a molecule that has four different groups bonded to it in a tetrahedral orientation.

Answer 13

Chiral Center

Question 14

the handedness-generating carbon atom.

Answer 14

Chiral Center

Question 15

is a molecule whose mirror image are superimposable.

Answer 15

Acharial Center

Question 16

is a molecule whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Answer 16

Chiral Center

Question 17

How can we identify a Chiral Centel

Answer 17

To have four groups present, all bonds about the chiral center must be single bond.

Question 18

why is chirality important?

Answer 18

- response of body to the right-handed form of the hormone epinephrine is 20 times greater than its response to the left- handed form.

Question 18

isomers with a different connectivity

Answer 18

Constitutional Isomers

Question 18

different compounds with the same molecular formula

Answer 18

Isomers

Question 19

isomers with the same connectivity but a different orientation of their atoms in space

Answer 19

Stereoisomers

Question 20

Types of stereoisomers

Answer 20

Enantiomers and Diastereomers

Question 21

what does "enantios" mean?

Answer 21

Opposite

Question 22

whose molecules are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other (L and R handed forms of a molecule with a single chiral center).

Answer 22

Enantiomers

Question 23

molecules are not mirror images of each other ( contain more than one chiral center).

Answer 23

Diastereomers

Question 23

German chemist and the developer of the two-dimensional system for specifying chirality

Answer 23

Hermann Emil Fischer

Question 23

awarded the second Nobel prize in chemistry

Answer 23

Hermann Emil Fischer

Question 24

British carbohydrate chemist. Determine the structures of the cyclic forms of glucose

Answer 24

Walter Norman Haworth

Question 24

In what year was Hermann Emil Fischer awarded the second Nobel prize in chemistry?

Answer 24

1902

Question 25

Co-recipient of the 1937 Nobel prize in Germany

Answer 25

Walter Norman Haworth

Question 26

what formula did Walter Norman Haworth develop?

Answer 26

Haworth Projection Formula

Question 27

MONOSACCHARIDE oxidation can yield/produces three different types of acidic sugars, what are the 3?

Answer 27

Gluconic acid Glucaric acid Glucuronic acid

Question 28

oxidize the aldehyde end of an aldose to give an

Answer 28

ALDONIC ACID

Question 29

it is a two dimensional structural notation that specifies the three dimensional structure of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide.

Answer 29

Haworth Projection Formula

Question 30

Oxidize both ends of a monosaccharide at the same time (the carbonyl group and the terminal primary alcohol group)

Answer 30

ALDARIC ACID

Question 31

oxidize the primary alcohol end of an aldose such as glucose, w/o oxidization of the aldehyde group, to produce an

Answer 31

ALDURONIC