Carbohydrates Flashcards
(12 cards)
1
Q
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
A
Alpha: OH below both carbon 1 and 4
Beta: OH above carbon 1 and below carbon 4
2
Q
From what monomers is maltose made?
A
- 2 alpha glucoses
3
Q
From what monomers is sucrose made?
A
Alpha glucose and fructose
4
Q
From what monomers is lactose made?
A
alpha glucose and galactose
5
Q
What bond exists in lactose?
A
- beta 1,4 glycosidic bond
6
Q
Describe the structure of amylose
A
- alpha glucose monomers joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds.
- The angle of the bond causes the long chain to twist into a helix.
- Hydrogen bonding within the molecule
- More compact and soluble than glucose.
7
Q
Describe the structure of amylopectin.
A
- 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.
- Alpha glucose
- 1,6 branching points occur roughly one in every 25 carbons.
8
Q
What is the advantage of branches in glycogen?
A
- Many free ends for enzyme action.
- Glucose can be rapidly added or removed.
9
Q
Which is more branched: glycogen or amylopectin?
A
glycogen
10
Q
Which kingdoms store glucose as glycogen?
A
- Animals and fungi
11
Q
Describe the structure of cellulose.
A
- Alternate beta glucose monomers are flipped 180.
- Long straight chains form microfibrils.
- Chains of cellulose molecules –> microfibrils –> macrofibrils –> cellulose fibres
12
Q
What are the properties of cellulose?
A
- High tensile strength
- ## Insoluble
