carbohydrates Flashcards
(15 cards)
what are carbohydrates made from
monosaccharide
glucose is a
monosaccharide
2 types of glucose
alpha and beta glucose
alpha glucose diagram
CH2OH
C O
H
H H
C C
HO OH OH OH
C C
H H
Glucose’s structure
structure makes it soluble - so can be easily transported
chemical bonds - contains lots of energy
what holds monasaccharide together
glycosidic bonds in a condensation reaction
when 2 monasaccharide forms
disaccharide
2 alpha glucose
maltose (1-4 gb)
beta glucose + galactose
lactose (1-4 gb)
alpha glucose + fructose
sucrose (1-2 gb)
polysaccharides need to know
amylose (1-4 gb)
amylopectin (1-4 and 1-6 gb)
glycogen (1-4 and 1-6 gb)
Starch
plant stores excess glucose as starch.
starch is insoluble in water - doesnt cause water to enter via osmosis - good for storage
Amylose
long, unbranched chain of glucose joined tg w 1-4gb
coiled - making it compact - good for storage
amylopectin
long, branched chains
1-4 and 1-6 gb
side branches - allow enzyme to break down - glucose can be released quickly
Glycogen
animal stores glucose as glycogen
loads of side branch - loads of stored glucose can be released quickly
compact - good for storage
insoluble
large molecule - lots of energy
