CVD Flashcards
(34 cards)
How is atheroma formed
walls of arteries is smooth and endothelium are usually smooth and unbroken
if danger occur to the endothelium there will be an inflammatory response (White Blood Cells and macrophages moves to that area)
These WBC and lipids clump together under the endothelium to form fatty acid
Over time, More WBC, connective tissues and lipids build up and form a fibrous plaque called atheroma
This plaque partially blocks the lumen of the artery, reducing the blood flow which causes blood pressure to increase.
how blood clots form
a protein called thromoplastin is released from the damaged blood vessel.
Thromboplastin and calcium from the plasma trigger the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Thrombin the catalyses a conversion of fibronigen into fibrin
the fibrin tangle together and form a mesh which platelets and red blood cells get trapped - this forms blood clot
how do blood clots cause heart attack
the heart muscle is supplied with blood by the coronary artery
this blood contains the oxygen that is needed for the heart muscle cells to carry out respiration
If a coronary artery becomes completely blocked by a blood clot then that area of the heart will be totally cut off from its blood supply so it wont receive oxygen
this causes a heart attack
LIfestyle factors that cause CVD
diet, smoking, high blood pressure and inactivity
diet
high in saturated fat - inc blood cholestrol which inc atheroma formation, atheromas can lead to blood clot, which can cause heart attack
high intake of salt - inc blood pressure
high blood pressure
inc damages to artery walls, inc risk of atheroma formation, can lead to CVD.
ALCOHOL,STRESS,DIET all cause High Blood Pressure
where do atheromas form
walls of arteries
what can atheroma do to the endothelium of an artery
rupture
what can blood clots cause in the artery
complete blockage of the artery
3 forms of cvd that can be caused by blood clots
heart attack
stroke
deep vein thrombosis
what is the protein that can be released from the damaged blood vessel
thromboplastin
along with thromboplastin what else allows the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin
calcium ions
what is prothrombin converted into
thrombin
what gets trapped that forms blood clots
platelets and red blood cells
how does carbon monoxide affect ppl that smoke
carbon monoxide combines with heamoglobin and reduces oxygen trabsported in the blood which reduces the amount of oxygen in blood and if there is not enough oxygen it can lead to heart attack
how does the nicotine in smoking affect human
nicotines makes platelets sticky, which inc the chances of blood clotting, inc the risk of cvd
how does the level of antioxidants decresng because of smoking affect human
antioxidants are important for protecting cells
fewer antioxident means more chances of cell daage in artery walls caising atheroma formathion that can lead to cvd
what are factors that you can not control that inc the chances of CVD
genetics, age and gender
how does gender inc the chances of CVD
men are three times more likely to suffer from CVD than pre-menopausal women due to the diff level of hormones such as women have higher oestrogen levels than males, this inc the level of HDL and as men have lower because of this can lead to higher level of blood cholestrol and inc the risk of CVD
how does genetics inc the chances of CVD
some ppl inherit that make them more likely to have high blood pressure or high blood cholestrol
how does age inc the chances of CVD
plaque can build up very slowly over time so as you get older, it eventually leads to CVD
what are the treatments of CVD
antihypertensives
anticogulant
statins
platelet inhibitory drugs
how does antihypertensives help
it helps reduces high blood pressure
adv of antihypertensives
there are many antihypertensives that work in diff ways so can use an combination to reduce blood pressure
