Carbohydrates

Question 1

Are CHO’s a major component of plant tissue?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

CHO’s are the major energy source for herbivores. True/False?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Match the following: Fibrous; non- fibrous; and soluble; insoluble

Answer 3

fibrous- insoluble

non fibrous- soluble

Question 4

CHO’s are classified into sugars and non sugars. What are the two main classifications of sugars?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides

Question 5

CHO’s are classified into sugars and non sugars. What are the two main classifications of non-sugars?

Answer 5

polysaccharides and complex carbohydrates

Question 6

Give two examples of a non-fibrous CHO (hint: not a food but a component of a feed that you might be interested in)

Answer 6

lactose and starch

Question 7

animal enzymes able to digest fibrous CHO. True/ false?

Answer 7

false. Animal enzymes are unable to digest fibrous CHO.. doesn’t mean that microbial enzymes are unable to though!

Question 8

Lactose is the reserve CHO in plants.. True/false?

Answer 8

False.. starch is the reserve CHO in plants

Question 9

In plants- where is starch the most abundant?

Answer 9

In the seeds and fruit

Question 10

Glycogen is the main CHO storage in animals, often called animal starches.. True/false?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

In terms of animal anatomy and physiology, where is glycogen found/stored (2)?

Answer 11

found in liver and muscle

Question 12

Cellulose is never bound with lignin and hemicellulose. True/false?

Answer 12

False. cellulose is often bound with lignin and hemicellulose

Question 13

List 3 important characteristics/facts about cellulose..

Answer 13

most abundant CHO
gives structure to cell walls
gives plants rigidity

Question 14

Are cellulose and starch both glucose based?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

List the 3 monosaccharide derivatives

Answer 15

Amino sugars (eg glucosamine)
Deoxy sugars (eg deoxyribose)
Glycosides- Plants containing these usually have an enzyme to enable hydrolysis
Eg linamarin in linseed- Boiling inactivates enzyme

Question 16

List 4 important heteroglycans

Answer 16

Pectic substances: Found in primary cell walls and intercellular regions of higher plants (gelling properties)
Exudate gums (saps) and acid mucilages
Hyaluronic acid (joint lubrication) and chondroitin (cartilage etc)
Hemicelluloses: Closely associated with cellulose; concentration increases with plant age;
more in grasses than legumes

Question 17

Is lignin classes as a CHO?

Answer 17

No!

Question 18

How does lignin decrease the digestibility of a feed?

Answer 18

Deceases digestibility by encrusting plant fibres rendering them inaccessible.

Question 19

There is more hemicelluloses in legumes than in grasses.. True/false?

Answer 19

False. There are more hemicellulose in grasses

Question 20

The concentration of hemicellulose in plants decreases with age. True/false?

Answer 20

False. The conc. of hemicellulose increases as the plant ages

Question 21

where does monogastric digestion of non fibrous CHO’s occure? (non fibrous= soluble)

Answer 21

In the luminal and membranous phases of the SI

Question 22

Are ALL polysaccharides are digested to monosaccharides before absorption?

Answer 22

YEP!

Question 23

Are there specific enzymes for the digestion of each type of polysaccharide?

Answer 23

Yes. They are named according to substrates
Eg. Maltase, isomaltase, sucrase, lactase

Note: anything with ‘ase’ at the end of a word IS an enzyme

Question 24

During CHO digestion in the monogastric GIT, salivary and pancreatic amylase covert 2 dietary polysaccharides to maltose. Name these 2.. (hint: EASY)

Answer 24

starch and glycogen

Question 25

Lactose, Maltose and Sucrose are all…..

Answer 25

Disaccharides