Water and Protein Flashcards
What percentage of an animals body is water?
50-80%
What are the 3 sources of water for animals?
> drinking
feed
metabolic water
What are the 4 main causes of water loss?
> Urine
faeces
sweat
insensible
Name 3 of the main water requirements?
> Heat production/ ambient temperature > Feed intake > Salt > accessibility > Water quality > Species > Physiological state > Environmental adaptation
When assessing water quality, how many factors must you take into account?
5
1. Odour and taste (organoleptic properties)
2. pH, salinity, TDS/TSS, TDO and hardness
(physiochemical properties)
3. Organic chemical contaminants, heavy metals,
toxic minerals
4. Excess minerals, nitrates, sulfates
5. Bacteria, eg coliforms in faeces
What are the 4 functions of proteins?
> immunity (e.g. immunoglobulins)
structural (hair, hoof, wool, horn etc)
metabolism (enzymes, hormones etc)
can be used for energy
What are proteins comprised of?
Chains of amino acids
Where do plants get their amino acids?
By synthesizing organic nitrogen
Which amino acids can’t be synthesized by animals?
The 10 essential amino acids
Where is the site of protein digestion in the monogastric stomach?
Digested mainly in the small intestine by the
animal’s own enzymes
In Membranous-phase digestion of proteins final digestion of peptides occurs in which 2 sites?
Surface membrane or in the cell.
What is a limiting amino acid?
any amino acid not present in sufficient amounts to enable protein synthesis to proceed
What does protein quality refer to?
Refers to the amino acid composition of a protein, and their availability
In ruminant protein digestion what do the ingested proteins get broken down to?
Most ingested protein broken down to ammonia
or short peptides/amino acids- used as an N
source for microbes
Where are most dietary proteins fermented?
The Ruman
