Carbohydrates Flashcards
(20 cards)
Give 3 names examples of carbohydrates:
-Monosaccharides -Disaccharides -Polysaccharides
What atoms are carbohydrates made up of?
-Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen
The general formula of a carbohydrate?
(CH2O)n
3 functions of carbohydrates
-Used for energy in the form of ATP -Transportable and Storable forms of energy -Structural materials (cellulose in plant cell walls)
Name of 3, 5, and 6 carbon monosaccharides
-Triose -Pentose -Hexose
Alpha Glucose structure:
Beta Glucose Structure:
3 common disaccharides:
- Maltose
- Sucrose (a non reducing sugar)
- Lactose
Condensation reaction to form Maltose?
1,4 glycosidic bond
Hydrolysis reaction to split maltose?
What 2 things are needed in a hydrolysis reaction?
- Heat
- Enzyme (for maltose it’s maltase)
2 types of polysaccharides and examples of them:
- Storage polymers (starch and glycogen)
- Structural polymers (cellulose and chitin)
What is starch made up of?
Amylose and Amylopectin
Structure of amylose (found in starch)
- Made up of alpha glucose
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds between carbons
- Forms an unbranched straight chain
Structure of amylopectin (found in starch)
- Made up of alpha glucose
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds between carbons and 1,6 between branches
- Forms a branched shape
Structure of glycogen
- Made up of alpha glucose
- has 1,4 glycosidic bonds between carbons and 1,6 between branches
- Forms a more branched shape than Amylopectin
Why are starch and glycogen useful for storage?
- They’re insoluble so doesn’t affect osmotic pressure
- Glycogen is stored as compact, long chains so can easily be broken down into glucose
Structure of cellulose
- Made up of beta glucose
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds between carbons
- Every other glucose is rotated 180
- Forms lots of microfibrils which form chains of cellulose as they have hydrogen cross links
Chitin compared to Cellulose
Chitin is very similar to cellulose except that some of the OH groups are replaced by an acetyl amide group which has Nitrogen (N) in it.
Uses of Chitin
It’s waterproof, strong (as cross linked by hydrogen bonds) and lightweight (doesn’t affect flight)
