Lipids Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the 2 types of lipid?
Triglycerides and Phospholipids
What atoms are present in a lipid
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What makes the insoluable in water
Non polar
What DO they dissolve in
Organic solvents
What are two examples of organic solvents
Propanone, alcohols
What is a tryglyceride composed of
Glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid chains
What part of a triglyceride varies
Fatty acid chains
What reaction causes fatty acid to join to triglycerides
Condensation
What bond is formed in a triglyceride in a condensation reaction
Ester bond, O-C
What is removed in a condensation reaction for the formation of a triglyceride
3 molecules of water
What is the formula of glycerol
C3H8O3
What is special about a phospholipid
Each molecule has one end that is soluable in water
What is the phosphate head
Polar and hydrophilic
What is the tail
Non polar and hydrophobic
What does saturated mean
- All of the carbon atoms are linked to the max no of hydrogen
- molecules align readily so they are solid
- used for storage in animals
- SINGLE c-c bond
What does unsaturated mean
- One c=c bond(mono)
- many c=c bonds(poly)
- molecules cannot align uniformly and the lipid does not solidify readily
- remains liquid and room temp
What are 2 effects of saturated fats on human health
-build up of LDL cause atherosclerosis from atheroma building up in coronary arteries restricting blood flow
What are 2 roles of phospholipds
- biological cell membranes
- electrical insulation-mylein sheath surrounding axons
4 roles of triglycerides
- energy reserves in plants and animals
- thermal insulation
- protection(fat stored around delicate organs)
- metabolic water-water released during chemical reactions when oxidised
2 roles of waxes
- water proofing to reduce water loss
- in animals-insect exoskeleton
- in plants-leafs cuticle
