Flashcards in Carbohydrates Deck (20)
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1
monomer?
monosaccharide
2
Chemicals?
carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
3
Glucose structure
- hexose monosaccharide (6 carbons)
- 2 types: alpha and beta
4
alpha glucose structure
look at notes
5
beta glucose structure
look at notes
6
glucose function
- acts as a main energy storage in animals and plants
- structure makes it soluble so it can be easily transported
- chemical bonds contain lots of energy
7
How is a disaccharide formed?
-2 monosaccharides join together in a condensation reaction. A glycosidic bond is formed and water is released
8
Starch properties
- compact
- easily digestible
- made of amylose (mainly) and amylopectin
- insoluble so doesn't cause water to enter cells by osmosis which would make them swell up
9
Starch function
storage of energy in plants
10
Amylose properties/structure
- long chains of alpha glucose (unbranched)
- joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- insoluble
- metabolically inactive
- coiled into a spiral (compact for storage)
- held together by hydrogen bonds
11
Amylopectin properties/structure
- long, branched chains of alpha glucose
- joined by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- many side branches which enzymes can break down to reach glycosidic bonds easily so glucose can be released quickly
12
Glycogen properties/structure
- short, branched chains of alpha glucose
- joined by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- compact so good for storage
- more side branches so stored glucose can be released quickly
13
Glycogen function
- main energy storage in animals
14
Cellulose properties/structure
- long, unbranched chain of beta glucose
- 1-4 glcyosidic bonds
- beta glucose molecules bond forming straight cellulose chains
- chains linked by hydrogen bonds forming strong fibres called microfibrils (compact)
- every other glucose residue is orientated at 180 degrees
15
Cellulose function
- provides structural support for cells e.g. cell wall
- strong
- humans cant digest it
16
What us ribose?
a pentose monosaccharide (5 carbon atoms)
17
ribose structure
look at notes
18
What makes maltose?
alpha glucose + alpha glucose
19
What makes sucrose?
alpha glucose + fructose
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