Carbohydrates

Question 1

monomer?

Answer 1

monosaccharide

Question 2

Chemicals?

Answer 2

carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 3

Glucose structure

Answer 3

• hexose monosaccharide (6 carbons)

- 2 types: alpha and beta

Question 4

alpha glucose structure

Answer 4

look at notes

Question 5

beta glucose structure

Answer 5

look at notes

Question 6

glucose function

Answer 6

• acts as a main energy storage in animals and plants
• structure makes it soluble so it can be easily transported
• chemical bonds contain lots of energy

Question 7

How is a disaccharide formed?

Answer 7

-2 monosaccharides join together in a condensation reaction. A glycosidic bond is formed and water is released

Question 8

Starch properties

Answer 8

• compact
• easily digestible
• made of amylose (mainly) and amylopectin
• insoluble so doesn’t cause water to enter cells by osmosis which would make them swell up

Question 9

Starch function

Answer 9

storage of energy in plants

Question 10

Amylose properties/structure

Answer 10

• long chains of alpha glucose (unbranched)
• joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
• insoluble
• metabolically inactive
• coiled into a spiral (compact for storage)
• held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 11

Amylopectin properties/structure

Answer 11

• long, branched chains of alpha glucose
• joined by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
• many side branches which enzymes can break down to reach glycosidic bonds easily so glucose can be released quickly

Question 12

Glycogen properties/structure

Answer 12

• short, branched chains of alpha glucose
• joined by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
• compact so good for storage
• more side branches so stored glucose can be released quickly

Question 13

Glycogen function

Answer 13

• main energy storage in animals

Question 14

Cellulose properties/structure

Answer 14

• long, unbranched chain of beta glucose
• 1-4 glcyosidic bonds
• beta glucose molecules bond forming straight cellulose chains
• chains linked by hydrogen bonds forming strong fibres called microfibrils (compact)
• every other glucose residue is orientated at 180 degrees

Question 15

Cellulose function

Answer 15

• provides structural support for cells e.g. cell wall
• strong
• humans cant digest it

Question 16

What us ribose?

Answer 16

a pentose monosaccharide (5 carbon atoms)

Question 17

ribose structure

Answer 17

look at notes

Question 18

What makes maltose?

Answer 18

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

Question 19

What makes sucrose?

Answer 19

alpha glucose + fructose

Question 20

What makes lactose?

Answer 20

beta glucose + galactose