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Food Tech Chapter 1 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Macronutrient made by green plants during photosynthesis

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2
Q

What are carbs 2 main functions?

A

Provide energy

Help get rid of waste products

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3
Q

What are the 2 groups of carbs called?

A

Sugars

Complex carbohydrates

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4
Q

What are the two types of sugars

A

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

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5
Q

What sugars are made from one sugar molecule

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Sugars made from 2 sugar molecules

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7
Q

What are the three monosaccharides?

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

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8
Q

What are the three disaccharides?

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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9
Q

What is another name for a complex carbohydrate?

A

Polysaccharide

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10
Q

What are 4 examples of polysaccharides?

A

Starch
Pectin
Dextrin
Dietary fibre

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11
Q

What polysaccharide do animals make?

A

Glycogen from the carbs they eat

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12
Q

What are the main sources of Glucose?

A

Ripe fruit and veg

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13
Q

What are the main sources of Fructose?

A 
Fruit
Veg
Honey
High fructose corn syrup
Sweetners
Carbonated soft drinks
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14
Q

What are the main sources of Galctose?

A

Milk from mammals

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15
Q

What are the main sources of Maltose?

A

Cereal

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16
Q

What are the main sources of Sucrose?

A

Sugar

Sweets

17
Q

What are the main sources of Lactose?

A

Milk

18
Q

What are the main sources of Starch?

A

Cereal
Starch veg
POTATOES

19
Q

What are the main sources of Dietary Fibre?

A

Whole grain products

20
Q

What are the main sources of Pectin?

A

Fruit

Some root veg

21
Q

What are the main sources of Dextrin?

A

Baked or toasted starchy products

22
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of carbs?

A

Lack of energy/ tiredness
Weight loss
Severe weakness

23
Q

What are the effect of an excess of carbs?

A

High blood sugar levels
Type 2 diabetes
Tooth decay

24
Q

How does an excess of carbs lead to type 2 diabetes?

A

Refined and processed carbs are broken down quickly and absorbed. This causes a rapid rise of blood sugar levels and puts stress on the pancreas which produces insulin. Insulin allows glucose to be used as energy. Eventually the pancreas will stop working or the cells will become resistant to insulin leading to type 2 diabetes

25
Q

What are free sugars?

A

Sugars that are released from foods such as fruit during food processing that are more likely to cause tooth decay

26
Q

What are intrinsic sugars?

A

Sugars found naturally in foods such as apples and are less likely to cause tooth decay

27
Q

What is the % of food energy per day should come from carbs?

A

50%

Food Tech Chapter 1 (6 decks)

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