Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Food Tech Chapter 1 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Chemical substances naturally found found in a wide range of unprocessed plant and animal foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do vitamins do?

A

Promote health and help prevent disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are they macronutrients or micronutrients?

A

Micronutrients as they are needed in small amounts everyday for a variety of different jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of vitamins?

A

Fat solvable vitamins

Water soluble vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the fat soluable vitamins called?

A

Vitamins ADE and K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the water soluable vitamins called?

A 
Vitamins:
B1 
B2
B3
B9
B12
C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is retinol?

A

Vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where can Retinol be found?

A 
Milk
Cheddar cheese
Butter
Egg yolk
Liver
Kidney
Oily fish
Veg fat spreads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Beta carotene?

A

Vitamin A

Is converted to retinol in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where can Beta carotene be found?

A 
Dark green leaves of
Cabbage
Spinach
Kale
Lettuce
Peas
Oranges
Fruit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Vitamin A function

A 
Keeps skin healthy
Enables us to seein dim light by producing visual purple in retina when light levels are low
Helps children grow
Produces mucus
Beta carotene is an antioxidant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of Vitamin A?

A

Children don’t grow properly
Skin and mucus membranes become dry and infected
Night blindness
Can lead to total blindness and permanent eye damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the effects of excess of vitamin A?

A

Rare
Can be toxic
Damage development of unborn babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Cholecalciferol?

A

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is vitamin D found?

A 
The reaction of sunlight on skin that makes vitamin D under the skin
Oily fish 
Meat 
Dairy
Liver
Fortified breakfast cereal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D?

A

Enables the mineral calcium to be absorbed in small intestine
Helps calcium to be deposited in the bone and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of vitamin D?

A

Children: their teeth and bones will not strengthen and the bones in the legs will bend under the weight of the body. (Rickets)
Adults: bones weaken and break easily. (Osteoporosis or Osteomalacia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the effects of execs of vitamin D?

A

Rare

Excess calcium absorbed leading to kidney and other organs damaged especially in young people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why does calcium deficiency lead to weak bones?

A

If not enough calcium laid down in bones cannot support the body properly
Calcium will be removed from body for other uses and if not replaced bones will lose their strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Tocopherol?

A

Vitamin E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is vitamin E found?

A 
Plant food
Soya
Corn and olive oil
Nuts and seeds
Veg fat spreads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is vitamins E function?

A

An Antioxidant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the effects of an excess or deficiency of Vitamin E

24
Q

What is Phylloquinone?

25
Where is vitamin K found?
``` Plant and animal foods Green leafy vegetables Liver Cheese Green Tea (also made in Large Intestine by bacteria) ```
26
What is the effect of deficiency of vitamin K?
Rare however can occur in new born babies given doe when born Babies can lose some blood internally during birth process
27
What is Thiamine?
Vitamin B1
28
Where is vitamin B1 found?
``` Meat, especially pork Milk, cheese, eggs Veg and fruit Wholemeal bread Fortified breakfast cereals Added to all flour except wholemeal by law ```
29
What is the function of Vitamin B1?
Enables energy to be released from carbohydrates in the body cells by respiration
30
what are the effects of a deficiency of Vitamin B1?
Leads to beri-beri where the nerves and muscles are affected and problems with memory concentration and heart rate. As energy is needed in nerve cells to control how muscles and brain works . without thiamine insufficient energy will be release.
31
What is riboflavin?
Vitamine B2
32
Where is vitamin B2 found?
``` Milk Eggs Fortified breakfast cereals Rice Mushrooms ```
33
What is the effects of a deficiency B2?
Rare | May result in sores at corner of mouth because is needed to maintain healthy skin
34
What is the function of Vitamin B2?
Enables energy to be released from carbohydrates in the body cells by respiration
35
What is Niacin?
Vitamin B3
36
Where is Vitamin B3 found?
``` Beef Pork Wheat and maize flour Eggs and milk Can be made from an amino acid called tryptophan in body ```
37
What is the function of Vitamin B3?
Enables energy to be released from carbohydrates in the body cells by respiration
38
What are the effects of a deficiency of Vitamin B3?
Pellagra. Three symptoms: Diarrhoea Dermatitis (sore dry cracked skin) Dementia (loss of memory As niacin prevents the brain and nervous system from working properly
39
What is Folate?
Vitamin B9 (folic acid when added to foods and used in supplements)
40
Where is Vitamin B9 found?
Not naturally found in many foods ``` Green leafy vegetables Yeast extracts Peas, Chickpeas, Asparagus Whole grain rice Fruits Is added to some breads and breakfast cereals ```
41
What is Vitamin B9 function?
Works with Vitamin B12 to make healthy red blood cells | Helps to reduce risk of developing central nervous system defects such as spina bifida in unborn babies
42
What is the effect of a deficiency of Vitamin B9?
Leads to a type of anaemia called megaloblastic where red blood cells become enlarged As without folate, red blood cells do not develop to the correct size and grow very big This prevents them from passing through capillaries May lead to defects in spinal cord of unborn babies
43
What is Cobalamin?
Vitamin B12
44
Where is B12 found?
``` Does not occur naturally in plant foods Found in: Liver Meat and fish Cheese Fortified breakfast cereals Yeast ```
45
What is the function of B12?
Works with B9 to make healthy red blood cells | Keeps nerve cells healthy
46
What is the effect of a deficiency of B12?
Can be stored in liver for 2 years Vegans need to be careful as don't eat animal foods so take B12 supplements Can lead to pernicious anaemia Special cells in stomach produce a particular protein that allows B12 to be absorbed if cells are damaged B12 will not be absorbed
47
What is ascorbic acid?
Vitamin C
48
Where is Vitamin C found?
Fruit and veg (especially Citrus fruit) | Small amount in milk and liver
49
What is Vitamin C function?
Needed to absorb iron in small intestine Needed to maintain connective tissue which binds body cells together Antioxidant
50
What is the effect of a deficiency in the body?
Stored in body for a few months if iron not absorbed leads to iron deficiency anaemia Bleeding from small blood vessels under skin and in gums leads to red spots under skin and loose teeth Wounds take longer to heal and scar tissue may break open Leads to scurvy and can result in death
51
How should you store vitamins?
Away from heat and light | For minimum amount of time possible
52
What is an antioxidant?
Vitamins that help protect the body from developing heart disease and some types of cancer
53
What vitamins are antioxidants?
Vitamin A, C & E
54
What are free radicals?
Chemicals which our bodies are exposed to from air, water and foods which pick up oxygen in the body and become reactive Can cause damage to the cells in our bodies, which could lead to inflammation, heart disease or cancer in some people
55
What does antioxidants do to stop free radicals?
Help prevent chemicals from picking up oxygen

Food Tech Chapter 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions