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Food Tech Chapter 1 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Chemical substances naturally found found in a wide range of unprocessed plant and animal foods

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2
Q

What do vitamins do?

A

Promote health and help prevent disease

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3
Q

Are they macronutrients or micronutrients?

A

Micronutrients as they are needed in small amounts everyday for a variety of different jobs

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4
Q

What are the two types of vitamins?

A

Fat solvable vitamins

Water soluble vitamins

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5
Q

What are the fat soluable vitamins called?

A

Vitamins ADE and K

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6
Q

What are the water soluable vitamins called?

A 
Vitamins:
B1 
B2
B3
B9
B12
C
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7
Q

What is retinol?

A

Vitamin A

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8
Q

Where can Retinol be found?

A 
Milk
Cheddar cheese
Butter
Egg yolk
Liver
Kidney
Oily fish
Veg fat spreads
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9
Q

What is Beta carotene?

A

Vitamin A

Is converted to retinol in liver

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10
Q

Where can Beta carotene be found?

A 
Dark green leaves of
Cabbage
Spinach
Kale
Lettuce
Peas
Oranges
Fruit
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11
Q

What is Vitamin A function

A 
Keeps skin healthy
Enables us to seein dim light by producing visual purple in retina when light levels are low
Helps children grow
Produces mucus
Beta carotene is an antioxidant
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12
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of Vitamin A?

A

Children don’t grow properly
Skin and mucus membranes become dry and infected
Night blindness
Can lead to total blindness and permanent eye damage

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13
Q

What are the effects of excess of vitamin A?

A

Rare
Can be toxic
Damage development of unborn babies

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14
Q

What is Cholecalciferol?

A

Vitamin D

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15
Q

Where is vitamin D found?

A 
The reaction of sunlight on skin that makes vitamin D under the skin
Oily fish 
Meat 
Dairy
Liver
Fortified breakfast cereal
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16
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D?

A

Enables the mineral calcium to be absorbed in small intestine
Helps calcium to be deposited in the bone and teeth

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17
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of vitamin D?

A

Children: their teeth and bones will not strengthen and the bones in the legs will bend under the weight of the body. (Rickets)
Adults: bones weaken and break easily. (Osteoporosis or Osteomalacia)

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18
Q

What are the effects of execs of vitamin D?

A

Rare

Excess calcium absorbed leading to kidney and other organs damaged especially in young people

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19
Q

Why does calcium deficiency lead to weak bones?

A

If not enough calcium laid down in bones cannot support the body properly
Calcium will be removed from body for other uses and if not replaced bones will lose their strength

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20
Q

What is Tocopherol?

A

Vitamin E

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21
Q

Where is vitamin E found?

A 
Plant food
Soya
Corn and olive oil
Nuts and seeds
Veg fat spreads
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22
Q

What is vitamins E function?

A

An Antioxidant

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23
Q

What are the effects of an excess or deficiency of Vitamin E

A

Rare

24
Q

What is Phylloquinone?

A

Vitamin K

25
Q

Where is vitamin K found?

A 
Plant and animal foods
Green leafy vegetables
Liver
Cheese
Green Tea
(also made in Large Intestine by bacteria)
26
Q

What is the effect of deficiency of vitamin K?

A

Rare however can occur in new born babies given doe when born
Babies can lose some blood internally during birth process

27
Q

What is Thiamine?

A

Vitamin B1

28
Q

Where is vitamin B1 found?

A 
Meat, especially pork
Milk, cheese, eggs
Veg and fruit
Wholemeal bread
Fortified breakfast cereals
Added to all flour except wholemeal by law
29
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B1?

A

Enables energy to be released from carbohydrates in the body cells by respiration

30
Q

what are the effects of a deficiency of Vitamin B1?

A

Leads to beri-beri where the nerves and muscles are affected and problems with memory concentration and heart rate.

As energy is needed in nerve cells to control how muscles and brain works . without thiamine insufficient energy will be release.

31
Q

What is riboflavin?

A

Vitamine B2

32
Q

Where is vitamin B2 found?

A 
Milk
Eggs
Fortified breakfast cereals
Rice
Mushrooms
33
Q

What is the effects of a deficiency B2?

A

Rare

May result in sores at corner of mouth because is needed to maintain healthy skin

34
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B2?

A

Enables energy to be released from carbohydrates in the body cells by respiration

35
Q

What is Niacin?

A

Vitamin B3

36
Q

Where is Vitamin B3 found?

A 
Beef
Pork
Wheat and maize flour
Eggs and milk
Can be made from an amino acid called tryptophan in body
37
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B3?

A

Enables energy to be released from carbohydrates in the body cells by respiration

38
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency of Vitamin B3?

A

Pellagra. Three symptoms:
Diarrhoea
Dermatitis (sore dry cracked skin)
Dementia (loss of memory

As niacin prevents the brain and nervous system from working properly

39
Q

What is Folate?

A

Vitamin B9 (folic acid when added to foods and used in supplements)

40
Q

Where is Vitamin B9 found?

A

Not naturally found in many foods

Green leafy vegetables 
Yeast extracts
Peas, Chickpeas, Asparagus
Whole grain rice
Fruits
Is added to some breads and breakfast cereals
41
Q

What is Vitamin B9 function?

A

Works with Vitamin B12 to make healthy red blood cells

Helps to reduce risk of developing central nervous system defects such as spina bifida in unborn babies

42
Q

What is the effect of a deficiency of Vitamin B9?

A

Leads to a type of anaemia called megaloblastic where red blood cells become enlarged
As without folate, red blood cells do not develop to the correct size and grow very big
This prevents them from passing through capillaries

May lead to defects in spinal cord of unborn babies

43
Q

What is Cobalamin?

A

Vitamin B12

44
Q

Where is B12 found?

A 
Does not occur naturally in plant foods
Found in:
Liver
Meat and fish
Cheese
Fortified breakfast cereals
Yeast
45
Q

What is the function of B12?

A

Works with B9 to make healthy red blood cells

Keeps nerve cells healthy

46
Q

What is the effect of a deficiency of B12?

A

Can be stored in liver for 2 years
Vegans need to be careful as don’t eat animal foods so take B12 supplements
Can lead to pernicious anaemia

Special cells in stomach produce a particular protein that allows B12 to be absorbed if cells are damaged B12 will not be absorbed

47
Q

What is ascorbic acid?

A

Vitamin C

48
Q

Where is Vitamin C found?

A

Fruit and veg (especially Citrus fruit)

Small amount in milk and liver

49
Q

What is Vitamin C function?

A

Needed to absorb iron in small intestine
Needed to maintain connective tissue which binds body cells together
Antioxidant

50
Q

What is the effect of a deficiency in the body?

A

Stored in body for a few months
if iron not absorbed leads to iron deficiency anaemia
Bleeding from small blood vessels under skin and in gums leads to red spots under skin and loose teeth
Wounds take longer to heal and scar tissue may break open
Leads to scurvy and can result in death

51
Q

How should you store vitamins?

A

Away from heat and light

For minimum amount of time possible

52
Q

What is an antioxidant?

A

Vitamins that help protect the body from developing heart disease and some types of cancer

53
Q

What vitamins are antioxidants?

A

Vitamin A, C & E

54
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Chemicals which our bodies are exposed to from air, water and foods which pick up oxygen in the body and become reactive
Can cause damage to the cells in our bodies, which could lead to inflammation, heart disease or cancer in some people

55
Q

What does antioxidants do to stop free radicals?

A

Help prevent chemicals from picking up oxygen

Food Tech Chapter 1 (6 decks)

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