Carbohydrates

Question 1

_______ have the same number and kinds of atoms but different arrangement of the atoms.

Answer 1

Isomers

Question 2

Is glucose a aldohexose or a ketohexos?

Answer 2

Aldohexos

Question 3

Is fructose a aldohexose or a ketohexos?

Answer 3

Ketohexose

Question 4

Glucose, an aldohexose and Fructose, an ketohexose is an example of what?

Answer 4

Isomers

Question 5

______are isomers that differ in configuration around only one specific carbon atom.

Answer 5

Epimers

Question 6

Galactose and Glucose are epimers or isomers?

Answer 6

C-4 epimers

Question 7

Glucose and Mannose are isomers or epimers?

Answer 7

C-2 epimers

Question 8

Glucose and fructose are isomers or epimers?

Answer 8

Isomers

Question 9

Enzymes known as_____ are able to interconvert between two epimeric forms.

Answer 9

Epimerases

Question 10

DDP-galactose uses which enzyme to become UDP-glucose

Answer 10

UDP-galactose-4-epimerase

Question 11

______ is a pair of molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of one another.

Answer 11

Enantiomers

Question 12

The vast majority of the sugars in humans are D or L- sugars?

Answer 12

D-sugars

Question 13

Enzymes known as _____ are able to interconvert D and L-isomers.

Answer 13

Racemases

Question 14

Cyclization of monosaccharides creates an _____ carbon using the former carbonyl carbon.

Answer 14

Anomeric

Question 15

A sugar with a 6-member ring is known as a _____.

Answer 15

Pyranose

Question 16

A sugar with a 5 member ring is known as a _____.

Answer 16

Furanose

Question 17

The _____ ring formed will generate either an alpha or beta configuration of the sugar.

Answer 17

The hemiacetal or hemiketal ring

Question 18

The alpha and beta anomers interconvert by a process called _____.

Answer 18

Mutarotation

Question 19

If the oxygen on the anomeric carbon of a sugar is not attached to any other structure, that sugar can act as a reducing agent and is termed a _____.

Answer 19

Reducing sugar

Question 20

Monosaccharides can be linked by _____ to create larger structures.

Answer 20

Glycosidic bonds

Question 21

What are the 5 glycosides?

Answer 21

Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, Homopolysaccharides, and Heteropolysaccharides.

Question 22

Disaccharides contain_____ monosaccharide units.

Answer 22

2

Question 23

Oligosaccharides contain_____ to about ten monosaccharide units.

Answer 23

3

Question 24

Polysaccharides contain more than _____ monosaccharide units.

Answer 24

10

Question 25

Homopolysaccharides contain _____ type of monosaccharide.

Answer 25

Only 1

Question 26

Heteropolysaccharides contain _____different kinds.

Answer 26

2 or more

Question 27

What are the 5 important dietary disaccharides?

Answer 27

Maltose, Cellobiose, Isomaltose, Sucrose, and Lactose.

Question 28

Starch and glycogen is examples of what?

Answer 28

Polysaccharides

Question 29

A homopolysaccharide made of linear, unbranched D-glucose units, with Beta-(1-4) glycosidic bonds. This is which dietary disaccharide?

Answer 29

Cellulose

Question 30

Glycoproteins are proteins in which oligosaccharides of 3 to 10 sugar residues in length are _____ attached.

Answer 30

Covalently

Question 31

The oligosaccharide may be attached to the protein through asparagine ; an _____-linked glycosidic bond.

Answer 31

N

Question 32

The oligosaccharide may be attached to the protein through serine or threonine; an _____-linked glycosidic bond.

Answer 32

O

Question 33

There is an _____-glycosidic linkage between galactose or glucose and the hydroxyl group of 5-hydroxylysine.

Answer 33

O

Question 34

The extracellular spaces found in cartilage, tendons, ligaments, skin and blood vessels, consist of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in a gel-like matrix known as _____ substance.

Answer 34

Ground

Question 35

Proteins and glycosaminoglycans (except hyaluronic acid) are _____ bonded to each other to form proteoglycans.

Answer 35

Covalently

Question 36

Hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds is catalyzed by a family of _____.

Answer 36

Glycosidases

Question 37

Glucose+ Fructose=

Answer 37

Sucrose

Question 38

Glucose+ Galactose=

Answer 38

Lactose

Question 39

2 Glucose=

Answer 39

Maltose

Question 40

Glucose and galactose are absorbed by a sodium-dependent glucose transport called _____.

Answer 40

SGLT-1

Question 41

Fructose requires a facilitated diffusion channel called _____.

Answer 41

GLUT-5

Question 42

All three monosaccharides (Sucrose, lactose, maltose) are transported from the intestinal mucosal cells into the portal circulation by another facilitated diffusion channel called _____.

Answer 42

GLUT-2