Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are organic molecules?

Answer 1

Molecules that contain a carbon atom

Question 2

What is a polymer?

Answer 2

A large molecule consisting on smaller subunits called monomers

Question 3

Why are carbohydrates important in the body?

Answer 3

Used for storing energy

In plants, fungi and bacteria they form part of the cell wall

Question 4

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 4

A simple sugar where there is 1 O atom and 2 H atoms for every C

Question 5

What is the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Answer 5

(CH20)n

Question 6

Why are trisose sugars important?

Answer 6

Found in mitochondria

Glucose is broken down into triose sugars during respiration

Question 7

Give examples of pentose sugars.

Answer 7

Ribose and deoxyribose

Question 8

What are the properties of hexose sugars?

Answer 8

Often sweet tasting

Question 9

Give examples of hexose sugars.

Answer 9

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 10

What are the isomers of glucose?

Answer 10

Alpha

Beta

Question 11

What are disaccharide?

Answer 11

Made up of 2 monosaccharides joined together

Question 12

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 12

2 monosaccharides are joined in a condensation reaction

Question 13

Give examples of disaccharides.

Answer 13

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Question 14

What is the bond called in that holds a disaccharide together?

Answer 14

Glycosidic bond

Question 15

Which 2 monosaccharides join to form sucrose?

Answer 15

a glucose

Fructose

Question 16

Which 2 monosaccharides join to make lactose?

Answer 16

a glucose

Galactose

Question 17

Which 2 monosaccharides join to make maltose?

Answer 17

a glucose

a glucose

Question 18

Where is sucrose found?

Answer 18

Stored in plants

Eg sugar cane

Question 19

Where is lactose found?

Answer 19

It’s the main carbohydrate found in milk

Question 20

Where is maltose found?

Answer 20

Found in germinating seeds

Eg barley

Question 21

What is the test for reducing sugars?!

Answer 21

Benedicts : goes from blue solution to red precipitate

Question 22

What are sugars which do not react with benedicts solution called?

Answer 22

Non reducing sugars

Question 23

What is starch?

Answer 23

A long chain polymer formed of a glucose monomers

Question 24

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 24

Made of many monosaccharides units joined by condensation reactions

Question 25

Why are polysaccharides ideal for storage?

Answer 25

Can form very compact molecules - large numbers can be stored The glycosidic bond is easily broken - allows rapid release of monosaccharide units for cellular respiration Not soluble in water - don’t affect water potential

Question 26

What makes starch such an important as an energy sources in plants?

Answer 26

Insoluble Compact Can be broken down rapidly

Question 27

Which 2 compounds make up starch?

Answer 27

Amylose | Amylopectin

Question 28

What is amylose?

Answer 28

Unbranched polymer | As chain lengthens the molecule spiral

Question 29

What is amylopectin?

Answer 29

Branched polymer | Branching chains have many terminal glucose molecules

Question 30

What bonds are in amylose?

Answer 30

1,4 - glycosidic bonds

Question 31

What bonds make up amylopectin?

Answer 31

1,4 - glycosidic bonds | A few 1,6 - glycosidic bonds

Question 32

What is glycogen often referred to as?

Answer 32

Animal starch

Question 33

Which molecule is is chemically similar to starch?

Answer 33

Amylopectin molecules

Question 34

Which is the main bond in glycogen molecules?

Answer 34

1,6 - glycosidic bonds

Question 35

What makes glycogen able to be broken down rapidly?

Answer 35

It is very branched

Question 36

What is an important structural material in plants?

Answer 36

Cellulose

Question 37

Which molecules make up cellulose?

Answer 37

B glucose

Question 38

What are the hydrogen bonds of cellulose molecules known as?

Answer 38

Cross links

Question 39

What is the structure of cellulose?

Answer 39

Long straight chains

Question 40

What is the definition of an oligosaccharides?

Answer 40

Molecules with 3-10 monosaccharide units