Carbohydrates

Question 1

What does each of the organic compounds classes consist of?

Answer 1

Consist of large molecules built from small subunits.

Question 2

What are organic compounds? (5)

Answer 2

-carbohydrates -proteins -lipids -vitamins -nucleic acids

Question 3

What is the smallest subunit?

Answer 3

Monomer

Question 4

What do several monomers combine to form?

Answer 4

A polymer

Question 5

What is a monomer?

Answer 5

Monomer, a molecule of any of a class of compounds, mostly organic, that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules or polymers.

Question 6

What is polymer?

Answer 6

A polymer is a type of chemical compound whose molecules are bonded together in long repeating chains.

Question 7

What is each of these polymers characterized by?

Answer 7

Characterized by a specific structure owing to the chemical bonds formed.

Question 8

What are the structures in polymers characterized by?

Answer 8

These structures are related to the function of the compound in living organisms.

Question 9

What are the elements of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen

Question 10

Name the monomer of carbohydrates.

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the monosaccharides?

Answer 11

Glucose,Fructose,Galactose

Question 12

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 12

When 2 monosaccharides join together it is called a condensation reaction. Water is removed.

Question 13

What is the bond between 2 monosaccharides called?

Answer 13

Glycosidic bond

Question 14

What are two monosaccharides joined together called?

Answer 14

Disaccharide

Question 15

What are lots of monosaccharides joined together called?

Answer 15

Polysaccharide

Question 16

What are the characteristics of simple carbohydrates? (5)

Answer 16

• Small
• Sweet
• Soluble
• Sweet tasting
• Reducing sugars

Question 17

Structural composition of monosaccharides: (2)

Answer 17

Question 18

Strcutural composition of disaccharides:

Answer 18

2 monosaccharides joined chemically by glycosidic bonds

Question 19

Structural composition of complex carbohydrates:(5)

Answer 19

• Large
• Compact or long
• Insoluble
• Not sweet tasting
• Not reducing sugars

Question 20

____ is basically a Monosaccharide. A monosaccharide is also called simple sugar and is the most basic form of _____. Hexose sugars include ___,___, and _____.

Answer 20

Hexose

Carbohydrate

Fructose

Glucose

Galactose

Question 21

How rings do monasaccharides have?

Answer 21

Question 22

Glucose + Fructose

Glucose + Glucose

Glucose + Galactose

Answer 22

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

Question 23

Draw on your wit bord how disaccharides form.

Answer 23

Question 24

What happens to a disaccharide when it splits into two monomers?

Answer 24

It is called Hydrolysis because water is needed.

Question 25

Where do we generally find starch?

Answer 25

We generally find starch in the plant’s roots and seeds. All plants when they synthesize glucose, the extra glucose is stored in the form of starch.

Question 26

Starch is an element present in all _____ plants.

Answer 26

photosynthetic

Question 27

Why is starch called a glucan?

Answer 27

It only consists of glucose molecules all linked together.

Question 28

What is cellulose?

Answer 28

Cellulose is an important structural element of the cell walls of all photosynthetic plants

Question 29

What type of polysaccharide is cellulose?

Answer 29

It is a fibrous kind of polysaccharide which is highly insoluble in water.

Question 30

What is glycogen?

Answer 30

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.

Question 31

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 31

Energy storage and substrate for energy production

Question 32

1g=\_\_kJ

Answer 32

17

Question 33

What are the biological functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 33

• Main source of fuel for cellular respiration • Source of reserve energy • Influences osmosis in cells • Structural component in: 1. • Cell walls 2. • Nucleotides 3. • Arthropod exoskeleton

Question 34

Where do you find: 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides

Answer 34

1. Honey,glucose sweets 2. Sugar, milk sugar 3. Potatoes,bread,rice

Question 35

what color is iodine in the presence of starch?

Answer 35

Blue-Black

Question 36

What is the chemical test to identify the presence of reducing sugars?

Answer 36

Benedicts Reagent