Enzymes

Question 1

What is a catalyst?

Answer 1

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself changed by the reaction.

Question 2

What does hydrogen peroxide break down into and what is the reaction’s catalyst?

Answer 2

water + oxygen

managanese oxide

Question 3

What happens to the escaping oxygen when hydrogen peroxide breaks down?

Answer 3

It causes foaming

Question 4

What is an enzyme?

Answer 4

An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst.

Question 5

Where are enzymes secreted?

Answer 5

They occur inside cells or are secreted by the cells.

Question 6

What is the catalase?

Answer 6

The enzyme that catalyzes the break down of hydrogen peroxide.

Question 7

What are the 5 properties of enzymes?

Answer 7

1. They are all proteins
2. Each enzyme catalyzes one reaction
3. They can be used again and again
4. They are influenced by temperature
5. They are influenced by pH

Question 8

Enzymes are ___. Proteins are long ____ that are folded into a specific shape.

Answer 8

Proteins

Molecules

Question 9

Name a few enzymes: (7)

Answer 9

• Catalase
• Amylase
• Pepsin
• Trypsin
• Maltase
• Protease
• Lipase

Question 10

What is the active site?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the substrate molecule?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the product molecule?

Answer 12

Question 13

True or False

The enzyme can be re-used

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What model is used to describe how the substrate gets into the enzyme?

Answer 14

Question 15

Explain how the lock and key model works. (6)

Answer 15

1. The shape of the enzyme’s active site is complementary to the shape of the substrate.
2. This is like a key (substrate) fitting into the lock (enzyme).
3. The enzyme is specific to the substrate: a substrate with a different shape cannot fit into the active site.
4. The substrate fits into the active site and forms an enzyme-substrate complex.
5. Enzyme/products complex
6. Products leaving active site of enzyme

Question 16

What enzyme is used in removing sticky glue?

Answer 16

Esterase

Question 17

Which enzymes in detergents break down? 1.fats, 2.proteins and 3. Carbohydrates

Answer 17

1. Lipase
2. Protease
3. Carbohydrase

Question 18

What are the enzymes used in the textile industry?

Answer 18

The enzymes used in the textile field are amylases, catalase, and laccase which are used to removing the starch

Question 19

How are enzymes used to produce certain foods like syrup?

Answer 19

Enzymes will break down starch into suagrs to produce syrup.

Question 20

How are enzymes used in the leather industry?

Answer 20

Dehairing is the single largest process in leather production, which requires a huge amount of industrial enzymes like proteases, amylases, and lipases.

Question 21

Which enzymes are used in biodegradable plastic?

Answer 21

Carbios’ enzymes degrade plastics

Question 22

Which enzymes are in biological washing powder?

Answer 22

Biological washing powder

Question 23

How do enzymes help in food production?

Answer 23

The enzymes which are used in baby food are there because they allow the food to be pre-digested in the baby’s stomach.

Question 24

How are enzymes used in the brewing industry?

Answer 24

All of the main enzymes such as amylases, proteases, glucanase, and cellulase are crucial for the beer production process.

Question 25

How are enzymes used in the rubber industry?

Answer 25

Enzymes responsible for natural rubber degradation.

Question 26

What is lactase?

Answer 26

Lactase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that cuts lactose into its constituent sugars, galactose and glucose.

Question 27

How are enzymes used in fruit juice production?

Answer 27

The enzymes used are designed to break down cells walls and release the liquids and sugars which make up the fruit.

Question 28

How are enzymes used in baking?

Answer 28

The vast majority of enzymes are simple proteins. In bread making, we are mostly concerned with the enzyme amylase. The main function of amylase in wheat flour is to break down complex starches into simple sugars.

Question 29

How are enzymes used in lactose-free milk?

Answer 29

The enzyme lactase breaks down the sugar lactose, which is found in milk, into the sugars glucose and galactose.

Question 30

Which enzymes tenderize food?

Answer 30

The two most often used meat tenderizing enzymesare Papain and Bromelain

Question 31

How do enzymes tenderize meat?

Answer 31

Enzymes break down the connective tissue in meats.

Question 32

How can the rate enzyme reactions be measured?

Answer 32

By recording time for a substrate to disappear or a product appears.

Question 33

Each enzyme is specific to one ___ molecule or one type of molecule.

Answer 33

Substrate

Question 34

How is the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction affected by temperature? (2)

Answer 34

* At low temperatures enzyme controlled reactions go slowly becasue the molecules have low kinetic energy. * When temperature increases the reactionn also increases as the molecules have more kinetic energy.

Question 35

What is the optimum temperature?

Answer 35

40 degrees

Question 36

What does optimum temperature mean?

Answer 36

The temperature at which the rate of reaction is fastest is known as the optimum temperature.

Question 37

How does the optimum temperature affect the enzyme?

Answer 37

The enzyme changes shape and the active site longer matches the shape of the substrate molecule. The enxyme is said to be denatured.

Question 38

Rate of reaction of an enzyme reaction changes at different \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 38

Tmeperatures

Question 39

How does pH affect enzymes?

Answer 39

The activity and shape of enzymes is also affecetd by pH.

Question 40

What pH do enzymes love to work at?

Answer 40

At an optimum pH. Outside of its pH range the enzyme is denatured.