carbohydrates and lipids Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is a monosaccharide?
A single sugar unit and the monomer of carbohydrates.
Name three common monosaccharides.
Glucose and galactose and fructose.
What are disaccharides?
Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
What monosaccharides form maltose?
Glucose and glucose.
What monosaccharides form sucrose?
Glucose and fructose.
What monosaccharides form lactose?
Glucose and galactose.
What reaction joins two monosaccharides?
A condensation reaction.
What bond forms between two monosaccharides?
A glycosidic bond.
What reaction breaks glycosidic bonds?
A hydrolysis reaction.
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
Alpha glucose has the OH group on carbon 1 below the ring and beta glucose has it above the ring.
What is a polysaccharide?
A polymer formed from many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds.
Name three important polysaccharides.
Starch and glycogen and cellulose.
What is the function of starch?
Energy storage in plants.
What is starch made of?
Amylose and amylopectin.
How does the structure of amylose help its function?
It is helical and compact for efficient storage.
How does amylopectin’s structure help its function?
It is branched and allows quick release of glucose.
Is starch soluble in water?
No and it does not affect water potential.
What is the function of glycogen?
Energy storage in animals.
Why is glycogen suitable for storage?
It is highly branched and compact.
What is the function of cellulose?
Structural support in plant cell walls.
What monosaccharide forms cellulose?
Beta glucose.
How are cellulose chains held together?
By hydrogen bonds forming microfibrils.
What are lipids?
A group of non-polar biological molecules including fats and oils.
What are the two main types of lipids?
Triglycerides and phospholipids.
