eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cells Flashcards
(24 cards)
Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?
Yes – surrounded by a nuclear envelope
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
No – DNA is free in the cytoplasm (nucleoid)
What type of DNA do eukaryotic cells have?
Linear chromosomes associated with proteins (histones)
What type of DNA do prokaryotic cells have?
Circular DNA not associated with proteins
Are plasmids present in eukaryotic cells?
Rare – usually not present
Are plasmids present in prokaryotic cells?
Often present – small circular DNA
Do eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?
Yes – e.g., mitochondria, ER, Golgi
Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?
No – they lack membrane-bound organelles
What size ribosomes do eukaryotic cells have?
80S ribosomes
What size ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?
70S ribosomes
What is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells?
Murein (a glycoprotein also called peptidoglycan)
Do eukaryotic cells have a cell wall?
Only in plants (cellulose) and fungi (chitin)
Do prokaryotic cells have a capsule?
May be present – a protective slime layer
Do eukaryotic cells have a capsule?
No – not typically
Do both cell types have a cell membrane?
Yes – both have a cell surface membrane
Are flagella present in eukaryotic cells?
Sometimes – complex 9+2 structure
Are flagella present in prokaryotic cells?
Sometimes – simple, made of flagellin
What is the typical size of a eukaryotic cell?
Larger – 10 to 100 µm
What is the typical size of a prokaryotic cell?
Smaller – 0.1 to 5 µm
How do eukaryotic cells divide?
By mitosis or meiosis
How do prokaryotic cells divide?
By binary fission
Are mitochondria found in prokaryotic cells?
No – they are absent
Are chloroplasts found in prokaryotic cells?
No – never present
Is cytoplasm present in both cell types?
Yes – but prokaryotes lack internal compartments
