Carbohydrates / Mono, Di, And Poly Saccharides Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are molecules consisting only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, forming long chains of sugar units called saccharides.
What is a monosaccharide?
A monosaccharide is a single monomer of carbohydrates.
What is a disaccharide?
A disaccharide is formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.
What is a polysaccharide?
A polysaccharide is formed by combining many monosaccharides.
What is the glycosidic bond?
A glycosidic bond is formed in a condensation reaction that joins saccharides together.
What is glucose?
Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and is the main substrate for respiration.
What are common monosaccharides?
Common monosaccharides include glucose, galactose, and fructose.
What is maltose?
Maltose is a disaccharide formed by the condensation of two glucose molecules.
What is sucrose?
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by the condensation of glucose and fructose.
What is lactose?
Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the condensation of glucose and galactose.
What is cellulose?
Cellulose is a polysaccharide formed by the condensation of beta glucose.
What are glycogen and starch?
Glycogen and starch are polysaccharides formed by the condensation of alpha glucose.
What is glycogen’s role in animals?
Glycogen is the main energy storage molecule in animals.
What are the two types of starch?
The two types of starch are amylose and amylopectin.
What is amylose?
Amylose is an unbranched chain of glucose molecules joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds, making it compact.
What is amylopectin?
Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide made up of glucose molecules joined by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.
What is the function of cellulose in plant cells?
Cellulose provides structural support to plant cell walls and prevents bursting under osmotic pressure.
What are microfibrils?
Microfibrils are strong threads made of long cellulose chains running parallel and joined by hydrogen bonds.
What is the function of starch in plants,
Starch is a plant energy storage polysaccharide
How is starch adapted for its function?
Compact structure:Starch coils and is branched, making it compact for storage.
Insoluble:Starch doesn’t affect water potential, preventing osmotic issues.
Large size:The long chains take longer to digest, providing a sustained energy release.
What is the function of glycogen in animals
Glycogen is the animal energy storage polysaccharide
How is glycogen adapted for its function?
Highly branched structure:Many branches allow rapid hydrolysis (breaking down) for quick glucose release.
Insoluble:Similar to starch, it doesn’t affect cell water potential.
Compact storage:The branched structure allows for efficient storage of glucose.
What is the function of cellulose in plants?
Cellulose is a structural component of plant cell walls
How is cellulose adapted for its function?
Straight, unbranched chains:The straight chains use hydrogen bonding to form strong microfibrils, providing structural support.
Beta-glucose monomers:The beta-glucose monomers are flipped in alternating orientations, enabling the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between chains.
Insoluble:It doesn’t dissolve in water, contributing to the strength and rigidity of the cell wall.
