Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

Question 1

____________ are one of the type where Z = halogen or a group bonded to the carbonyl group through oxygen or nitrogen

Answer 1

Acyl Compounds

Question 2

The most widely distributed acyl compounds are the __________?

Answer 2

Carboxylic Acids

Question 3

The most important of the acidic organic compounds

Answer 3

Carboxylic Acids

Question 4

They contain the carboxyl group as their functional group

Answer 4

Carboxylic Acids

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE:

In the carboxyl group, the hydroxyl group is directly attached to the carbonyl group

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE

1. Carboxylic Acids are non-polar compounds
2. They form very strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Answer 6

1. FALSE
2. TRUE

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE:

Values of pKa for most aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids fall within the range of 4 to 5.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE:

The greater acidity of carboxylic acids relative to alcohols, both of which contain an OH group, is due to resonance stabilization of the carboxylate anion.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to form fruity smelling compounds called _________

Answer 9

Esters

Question 9

Carboxylic Acids have a greater tendency to release a ________ than other acidic organic compound types.

Answer 9

Proton

Question 9

Are considered as carboxylic acid functional derivatives because they are readily hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids.

Answer 9

Nitriles

Question 10

1. The reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid is called _________
2. It is catalyzed by an acid such as ______________

Answer 10

1. Esterification
2. Concentrated H2SO4

Question 11

What is the positive result for Esterification Reactions?

Answer 11

Evolution of a sweet or fruity odor is a good indication of ester formation

Question 12

Hydrolysis of Acid Halides and Anhydrides

Answer 12

Acid Hydrolysis

Question 13

What is the positive result for Acid Hydrolysis?

Answer 13

Evolution of heat after addition of H2O. Bubble (CO2) formation after addition of sodium bicarbonate.

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE:

Acid Hydrolysis are so reactive that they will react with water under neutral conditions.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

It is also known as saponification, and this does not involve the equilibrium process observed for the Fischer esterification.

Answer 14

Base Hydrolysis/Basic Hydrolysis of Esters

Question 14

What is the positive result for Base Hydrolysis?

Answer 14

1. Appearance of a blue color on a filter paper with ammonia or amine-like ordor.
2. After acidification, some compounds form precipitates or heterogeneous mixtures.
3. Observation of characteristic odor of carboxylic acids.

Question 15

Reaction of acyl chloride and acid anhydride with primary amines

Answer 15

Anilide Formation

Question 16

What is the positive result of Anilide Formation?

Answer 16

Formation of Anilide Precipitate

Question 17

Carboxylic Acids react with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas which can be seen in the form of a brisk effervesence

Answer 17

Sodium Bicarbonate Test

Question 18

What is the positive result for Sodium Bicarbonate Test?

Answer 18

Formation of Bubbles (presence of CO2)

Question 19

What are the samples that we will be using for the experiment?

Answer 19

• Glacial Acetic Acid
• Acetic Anhydride
• Acetyl Chloride
• Acetamide

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE:

Acetyl Chloride and Acetic Anhydride must be handled in the fumehood. High concentrations of acids will be used, take extra care in handling them.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

What are the measurements that we will be using for Esterification Reactions?

Answer 21

* 1 mL absolute EtOH * 10 drops of glacial acetic acid * 5 drops of 12m H2SO4

Question 22

**Esterification Reactions** What we will do after dropping the necessary compounds on the test tube?

Answer 22

* Warm the solution using steam bath * Record the odor

Question 23

What are the measurements that we will be using for Acid Hydrolysis?

Answer 23

* 1mL dH2O * 3 drops of sample * 1 mL of MeOH * 1 mL saturated NaHCO3

Question 24

**Acid Hydrolysis** 1. What we will do after dropping the 3 drops of samples? 2. What we will do after dropping the 1 mL of MeOH and 1.0 mL Saturated NaHCO3?

Answer 24

1. Feel the bottom of the tube 2. Record Observations

Question 25

What are the measurements that we will be using for Base Hydrolysis?

Answer 25

* 4 mL 6M NaOH * 0.20 mL acetamide * Small filter paper with 2 drops 10% CuSO4

Question 26

**Base Hydrolysis** What we will do after dropping all the measurements?

Answer 26

* Boil for 1 minute * Remove filter paper and note down the odor * Record Observations

Question 27

What are the measurements that we will be using for Anilide Formation?

Answer 27

* 0.20 mL Sample * 1 mL aniline * 4 mL dH2O

Question 28

**Anilide Formation** What we will do after dropping the samples?

Answer 28

Record Observations

Question 29

What are the measurements that we will be using for Sodium Bicarbonate Test?

Answer 29

* 1 mL MeOh * 0.20 mL Acetic Acid * 1.0 mL Saturated NaHCO3

Question 30

**Sodium Bicarbonate Test** What we will do after dropping the Sodium Bicarbonate Test?

Answer 30

Record Observations