Carbs

Question 1

Non reducing sugar

Answer 1

Sucrose

Question 2

Examples of Monosaccharides

Answer 2

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 3

Monosaccharides are linked by ________ to produce more complex sugars

Answer 3

Glycosidic bonds

Question 4

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 4

Lactose, maltose, sucrose

Question 5

Simpliest carbohydrate

Answer 5

Glycol aldehyde

Question 6

Only carbohydrate to be directly used for energy

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

Glucose metabolism generates

Answer 7

Pyruvic acid, lactic acid and acetyl coenzyme A

Question 8

What is glycolysis?

Answer 8

Metabolism of glucose to pyruvate and lactate for energy use

Question 9

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 9

Formation of glucose-6 phosphate from noncarbohydrate compound

Question 10

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 10

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for energy use

Question 11

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 11

Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

Question 12

What is lipogenesis?

Answer 12

Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids

Question 13

What is lipolysis?

Answer 13

Decomposition of fat

Question 14

Organ act as an exocrine and endocrine gland

Answer 14

Pancreas

Question 15

What is Proinsulin?

Answer 15

Inactive form of insulin

Question 16

Promotes glycogenolysis

Answer 16

Glucagon

Question 17

Primary Source of Energy

Answer 17

Carbohydrates

Question 18

Only hypoglycemic agent

Answer 18

Insulin

Question 19

Major hyperglycemic agent

Answer 19

Glucagon

Question 20

Fasting plasma glucagon normal value

Answer 20

25-50 pg/mL

Question 21

Target organ of glucagon

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

Stimulates release of cortisol

Answer 22

ACTH

Question 23

Delta cells of Islets of Langerhans produce?

Answer 23

Somatostatin

Question 24

FBS level of patient with DM

Answer 24

Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL

Question 25

Potassium in DM: Increase or Decrease

Answer 25

Increase

Question 26

Decrease Bicarbonate and TCO2 in DM is due to

Answer 26

Kussmaul-Kien respiration

Question 27

Diagnostic test for Hypoglycemia

Answer 27

5 hour OGTT

Question 28

Definitive test for Hypoglycemia

Answer 28

72h Fasting

Question 29

What level of glucose will release the glucagon and other glycemic factors in circulation?

Answer 29

50-55 mg/dL

Question 30

Alimentary hypoglycemia occurs usually within ____ hours after eating

Answer 30

4 hours

Question 31

In GDM, large % of patients who develop DM within _____ years...

Answer 31

5-10 years

Question 32

Gestational DM is due to

Answer 32

Metabolic and hormonal changes

Question 33

Normal FBS value

Answer 33

70-110 mg/dL

Question 34

Fasting plasma glucose is done in morning because

Answer 34

To avoid diurnal variation

Question 35

Decrease glucose in brain

Answer 35

Neuroglycopenia

Question 36

Glucosuria occurs when plasma glucose level exceeds ______

Answer 36

180mg/dL or 9.9 mmol/L

Question 37

In severe DM, ratio of Beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate is _____

Answer 37

6:1

Question 38

Type of diabetes that has no known etiology

Answer 38

Idiopathic Type 1 DM

Question 39

Screening for GDM should be done betweek ____ of gestation

Answer 39

24-28 weeks

Question 40

Screening and diagnostic test for GDM

Answer 40

2 hour OGTT using 75g of glucose load

Question 41

Standard clinical specimen for glucose

Answer 41

Fasting venous plasma

Question 42

Whole blood glucose levels is

Answer 42

10-15% lower than plasma/serum

Question 43

In glucose determination, how does Benedict's method differ from Folin Wu?

Answer 43

Uses citrate or tartrate as stabilizing agent

Question 44

Other name for Ferric Reduction Method

Answer 44

Hagedorn Jensen

Question 45

Other name of Condensation Method in glucose determination

Answer 45

Dubowski

Question 46

Product in Condensation method of glucose determination

Answer 46

Glycosylamine and Schiff's base (green)

Question 47

Insulin promotes?

Answer 47

Glycolysis, glycogenesis, lipogenesis NOTE: decrease glycogenolysis

Question 48

Most specific glucose method

Answer 48

Hexokinase

Question 49

Reference method for glucose

Answer 49

Hexokinase

Question 50

Single dose method for OGTT

Answer 50

Janney- Isaacson Method = most common

Question 51

Divided Oral Dose or Double Dose Method for OGTT

Answer 51

Exton Rose Method

Question 52

Glucose load in children

Answer 52

1.75 g/kg body weight Note: to maximum of 75g

Question 53

HbA1c in DM

Answer 53

> 6.5%

Question 54

Normal ratio of B-hydorxybutyrate and acetoacetic acid

Answer 54

1:1

Question 55

Normal Ratio of C- peptide to insulin

Answer 55

5:1 to 15:1