Carbs and Amyloid

Question 1

enzyme used for the identification of glycogen

Answer 1

diastase

Question 2

stain for demonstrating glycogen

Answer 2

PAS w/ or w/out diastase and Best Carmine with and without digestion

Question 3

dye used to prepare Schiff Reagent

Answer 3

basic fuchsin

Question 4

PAS reaction mainly demonstrates

Answer 4

neutral mucopolysaccharides

Question 5

first person to used Schiff reagent in a method for demonstrating DNA

Answer 5

feulgen

Question 6

test Schiff reagent

Answer 6

color reaction should be red/purple

Question 7

only polysaccharide demonstrated in tissue

Answer 7

glycogen

Question 8

fixative for glycogen

Answer 8

alcoholic glycogen

Question 9

glycogen is a

Answer 9

polysaccharide

Question 10

Fixation for best carmine is

Answer 10

absolute alcohol or carnoy

Question 11

oxidation agent for baur-feulgen

Answer 11

chromic acid

Question 12

sulfated muco-substances

Answer 12

Alician blue 0.4 or 1.0

Question 13

metal found in structural formula in alician blue

Answer 13

copper

Question 14

dyes used to demonstrate mucopolysaccharides

Answer 14

basic dyes

Question 15

Mucin stains generally aid in the diagnosis for

Answer 15

carcinomas

Question 16

stain to classify a poorly differentiated carcinoma

Answer 16

mucincarmine

Question 17

southgates stock of mucicarmine should be stored

Answer 17

in the fridge

Question 18

best stain for demonstrating epithelial mucin

Answer 18

mucicarmine

Question 19

surgical powder contains starch that will give a positive reaction with this solution

Answer 19

langhan’s iodine

Question 20

a silver stain that was originally developed for staining glycogen and mucin but is no longer used for that purpose

Answer 20

gomoris methenamine silver

Question 21

dyes like toludine blue O that stain mucins and acid mucosubstances a different color from that of the dye are called

Answer 21

metachromatic (generally cationic [basic])

Question 22

metachromatic staining, strong acid mucosubstances can be distinguished from weakly acid mucosubstances by varying

Answer 22

pH

Question 23

fluorescent dye used in pickett’s method for mucin and mast cells

Answer 23

acridine orange

Question 24

amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of amyloid in skeletal tissue. amyloid can be characterized as

Answer 24

an abnormal extracellular protein complex

Question 25

to supress non specific background staining, a congo red solution should generally contain

Answer 25

sodium chloride

Question 26

glycogen is found

Answer 26

liver, muscles, parathyroids and skin

Question 27

satisfactory substitute for diastase in the PAS reaction with digestion for selective elimination of glycogen is

Answer 27

amylase

Question 28

best results for feulgon reaction for DNA, tissues should be hydrolyzed in

Answer 28

5N hydrochloric acid at room temp for 30 minutes

Question 29

when tissue sections are over-oxidized with the PAS stain it will cause which substance to become PAS-positive

Answer 29

sialic acid

Question 30

in the PAS reaction, development of the final colored product is achieved by

Answer 30

restoration of quinoid chromophoric group

Question 31

an acid mucosubstance, that is resistant to diastase digestion, is PAS and mucicarmine negative, but is sensitive to hyaluronidase is

Answer 31

hyalruonic acid

Question 32

which substance can be used to block the PAS reaction of many non-glycogen, PAS-positive substances while preserving the glycogen stain is

Answer 32

dimedone

Question 33

the oldest staining reaction or polysaccharides involves color formations when exposed to

Answer 33

iodine

Question 34

in the colloidal iron method for acid mucosubstances, the principle of the reaction is believed to be an ionic bond of ferric iron with the free carboxyl group of

Answer 34

glycosaminoglycans

Question 35

stains amyloid, paneth cells, keratin, zymogen granules and juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 35

thioflavin T

Question 36

chemical used in varying concentrations of alician blue for acidic mucosubstances

Answer 36

magnesium chloride

Question 37

when completely hydrolyzed, common polysaccharide yield

Answer 37

glucose

Question 38

the primary dye used in a rapid mucin stain by carson

Answer 38

basic fuchsin...colors mucin red...uses wiegert iron hematoxylin solution as the nuclear stain and fast green as a non mucin reactive cytoplasmic stain

Question 39

aldehyde fuchsin stains

Answer 39

sulfated mucosubstances

Question 40

to achieve more consistent staining results, southgate modied mayer mucicarmine solution by adding

Answer 40

aluminum hydroxide

Question 41

amyloid stained with this dye can be identified by light, polarization and fluorescence

Answer 41

congo red

Question 42

congo red will stain two things

Answer 42

amyloid and eosinphils (orang-red)

Question 43

this oxidizing agent has been found to be useful in distinguishing primary amyloid from secondary amyloid

Answer 43

potassium permanganate

Question 44

two characteristics common to all types of amyloid are

Answer 44

stainability with iodine and congo red

Question 45

solution in kreyberg's method for demonstrating mucin and keratin is

Answer 45

alician blue

Question 46

kreyberg stain is used for malignant tumors of the

Answer 46

lung

Question 47

substance that can be used to block the PAS-postive reaction of neutral polysaccharides and glycoproteins, and allow staining of PAS postive epithelial sulfomucins and epithelial sialomucins

Answer 47

phenylhydrazide hydroschloride

Question 48

Alician blue PAS technique stains acidic mucosubstances blue and neutral mucins red it is very useful for staining diseases of the

Answer 48

GI

Question 49

barrett's disease

Answer 49

alician blue-PAS

Question 50

Secondary (AL) amyloid comprises an enzymatically altered serum protein which is made in the

Answer 50

liver

Question 51

primary (AL) amyloid is characterized by deposition of enzymatically altered light chains of

Answer 51

immunoglobin kappa or lambda

Question 52

demonstrate amoebae

Answer 52

best carmines

Question 53

best carmine

Answer 53

hydrogen bonding

Question 54

which stain for glycoprotein component in amyloid

Answer 54

PAS

Question 55

Dye that will bond with surface carboxyl ions of amyloid is

Answer 55

crystal violet

Question 56

Proteoglycans are a component of ground substances in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. they are produced by fibroblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, endothelial cells and

Answer 56

mast cells

Question 57

mucinous substances found in mesenchymal cell and connective tissues are known as

Answer 57

glycosaminoglycans

Question 58

malignant tumor of the endometrium of the uterus is likely to secrete

Answer 58

glycogen

Question 59

to differentially diagnose primary adenocarcinoma of the lung versus malignant mesothelioma of the pleura which staining results would favor a diagnosis of mesothelioma

Answer 59

alician blue negative following hyaluronidase treatment, PAS negative

Question 60

presence of a lot of mast cells in the skin would help to confirm the diagnosis of

Answer 60

urticaria pigmentosa

Question 61

alician blue in 0.8 magnesium chloride has been recommended as an aid in the diagnosis of

Answer 61

leukodystrophy

Question 62

marfans syndrome

Answer 62

alician blue pH2.5

Question 63

mesothelioma

Answer 63

alician blue, pH 2.5 with and without hyaluronidase digestion

Question 64

glycosaminoglycans

Answer 64

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfates and heparin

Question 65

methylation in tissue sections for four hours at 37 degrees will block the basophilia of

Answer 65

carboxylated mucosubstances

Question 66

movats pentachrome stain acidic mucins blue or blue green with

Answer 66

acid fuchsin and woodstain scarlet