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Fixation Flashcards

1
Q

breakdown of tissue due to enzyme activity

A

autolysis

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2
Q

breakdown of tissue by bacterial action

A

putrefaction

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3
Q

physical agent in fixation

A

heat

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4
Q

primary function of a general purpose fixative

A

stabilize proteins

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5
Q

best preservation of staining properties during long term storage

A

70% ethanol

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6
Q

good fixative

A

makes tissues more permeable to subsequent reagents

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7
Q

universal fixative

A

NBF

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8
Q

10% formalin contains what percentage of formaldehyde

A

4

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9
Q

Formic acid present

A

create formalin pigment

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10
Q

mail specimens in what fixative

A

Michel or formalin

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11
Q

when neutral solutions of formalin are prepared by storing the solution over calcium or magnesium carbonate, the fluid drawn off for fixation becomes…

A

acidic

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12
Q

formalin pigment forms

A

pH fall below 6

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13
Q

an unknown pigment in a tissue section that can be bleached with a saturated alcoholic solution of picric acid is

A

formalin

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14
Q

10% neutral buffered formalin constituents

A

37-40% formalehyde, sodium phosphate monobasic and dibasic

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15
Q

Helly solution

A

mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate and 37-40% formalehyde

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16
Q

Zenker Solution

A

Mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate and glacial acetic acid

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17
Q

Carnoy

A

Chloroform, glacial acetic acid and 70% alcohol

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18
Q

Bouin

A

Picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde and glacial acetic acid

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19
Q

Flemming

A

1% chromic acid, 2% osmium tetroxide and glacial acetic acid

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20
Q

Zamboni

A

Picric acid, paraformaldehyde, sodium phosphate monobasic and dibasic

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21
Q

B-5

A

Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, and 37-40% formaldehyde

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22
Q

Orth Solution

A

potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, and 37-40% formaldehyde

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23
Q

Hollande

A

Cupric acetate, picric acid, formaldehyde and acetic acid

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24
Q

mercuric chloride pigment is removed by

A

an iodine-sodium thiosulfate sequence

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25
tissue fixed in hollande solution must be
must be stored in 70% alcohol
26
acetic acid is useful because
it counteracts the shrinkage effect of other reagents like picric acid
27
Zinc salts added to formalin
provide superior nuclear detailing
28
which of the following require washing with water before processing. A: Carnoy B. Bouins C. NBF D: Zenker
ZENKER
29
coaguate tissue proteins
zinc salts, mercuric chloride, picric acid
30
when zinc salts replace mercuric salts in fixatives
tissue must be treated with iodine
31
disadvantage of formalin
it interacts with hemoglobin at an acid pH
32
purpose of methanol in formaldehyde
retard the polymerization of formaldehyde
33
Baker calcium formalin
is used for the preservation of phospholipids
34
absolute alcohol recommended for
blood smears, glycogen, urate crystals
35
preserved well by ethanol
glycogen
36
Bouins is good for and is a mordant to
connective tissue stains like trichrome
37
tissue fixed in bouins should be washed with
50% alcohol
38
when a specimen is microwaved in saline
tissue proteins are denatured
39
Carnoy solution is best for
glycogen
40
one characteristic of carnoy solution is it
hemolyzes red blood cells
41
Zenker is good for
PTAH staining
42
characteristic of bouins is that
improperly washed tissue blocks undergo undesirable changes
43
characteristic of Zenker is that
is excellent for tissues requiring the feulgen reaction
44
Advantage of Zenkers
tissue stains great with trichrome stains
45
Helly solution great for
bone marrows
46
characteristic of helly solution
must be washed out before processing
47
Orth recommended for
chromaffin granules in the adrenal medulla
48
disadvantage of osmium tetroxide
interferes with staining
49
characteristic of zamboni fixative
good for EM
50
which has a mordanting effect on tissue
Zenkers and Bouin's
51
recommended for EM
Zamboni, 2% buffered gluteraldehyde, formalin-gluteraldehyde
52
fixative for blood smears
methanol
53
CNS tissue to be stained with silver and gold tech should be fixed in
formalin ammonium bromide
54
pheochromocytoma should be fixed in
orth
55
uric acid crystals are preserved only when fixed in
absolute alcohol
56
improper fixation
mobilization of cytoplasmic proteins
57
coagulant fixatives
change the protein spongework into meshes through which paraffin can easily pass
58
formaldehyde in helly
reduces the chromate salt present in the solution
59
when alcohol is substituted as the diluent of formaldehyde solution the result is
faster fixation
60
a fixative containing potassium dichromate is
indicated for fixation of cytoplasm with out precipitation
61
mercuric chloride is used alone as a fixative it
penetrates poorly and causes excessive tissue shrinkage
62
tissue treated in what must be post-treated for mercury pigment
b-5
63
action of acetic acid
coagulated nucleoproteins and lyses RBC's
64
acetic acid in fixatives
dissolves some cytoplasmic organelles
65
when enzyme histochemical studies are required
fewer diffusion artifacts will be seen in tissue fixed before freezing
66
when sucrose is used to treat tissue for enzyme histochemical studies
the solution should contain 30% sucrose and 1% gum acacia
67
for histochemical and most histological techniques it is necessary to bring the pH of formalin to neutral because
it neutralizes the formic acid present
68
steps of fixation for EM with gluteraldehyde
glutaraldehyde, phosphate buffer, sucrose solution, osmium tetroxide
69
Zamboni for EM
must be prepared weekly
70
lipid histochemistry fixative
calcium formalin
71
when preparing a fixative solution containing paraformaldehyde, the paraform, must be heated to 60 degrees prior to adding 1M NaOH in order
to dissociate the paraformaldehyde to formaldehyde
72
Immunoenzyme stains for vimentin are negative this indicates
overfixation in a formalin fixative
73
osmium is a good fixative for tissues for EM because it
fixes phospholipids so that they are not dissolved
74
urate crystals
do not use water based fixatives
75

HTL (2 decks)

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