Cardiac

Question 1

what is the presentation of PVC

Answer 1

early wide bizzared QRS, no p wave seen

Question 2

what is the presentation of PAC

Answer 2

abnormally shaped p waves

Question 3

what is the presentation of PJC

Answer 3

narrow QRS complex, no p wave or inverted p wave

Question 4

what is the presentation of paroxysmal SVT

Answer 4

narrow, comprex tachycardia, no discernible p waves

Question 5

what are the types of sick sinus syndrome

Answer 5

Brady-Tachy and Sinus arrhest

Question 6

what is the presentation of sinus arrest

Answer 6

prolonged absence of sinus node activity (absent p waves) >3 seconds

Question 7

what is a sinus arrhythmia

Answer 7

normal, inimal variation in SA node pacing rate in association with phases of respiraton.

Question 8

what arrhythmia presents with a early wide “bizarre” QRS, with no p wave seen

Answer 8

PVCs

Question 9

what presents with three or more consecutive VPBs, displaying a broad QRS complex tachycardia

Answer 9

vetntricular tachycardia

Question 10

what presents with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that appears to be twisting around a baseline

Answer 10

torsades de pointes

Question 11

chest pain that is relieved by sitting and/or leaning forward

Answer 11

pericarditis

Question 12

what are the most common causes of congestive heart failure

Answer 12

CAD
HTN
MI
DM

Question 13

what is the treatment of systolic left heart failure

Answer 13

ACEi + BB + Loop diuretic

Question 14

what is the treatment of diastolic heart failure

Answer 14

ACEi + BB or CCB

Question 15

what is the definitive diagnostic test for CAD

Answer 15

cardiac catheterization

Question 16

what is the treatment of acute coronary syndrome

Answer 16

Morphine, oxygen, Nitro, ASA, ACEi

may also use BB, GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, angioplasty

Question 17

what drugs improve post-MI mortality rates

Answer 17

ASA
BB
ACEi
ARBs
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Question 18

what is subacute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 18

indolent infection of abnormal valves with less virulent organisms (S. viridians)

Question 19

what pathogen is associated wtih IVDU endocarditis

Answer 19

S. aureus

Question 20

what pathogen is associated with prostehtic valve endocarditis

Answer 20

S. epidermidis

Question 21

what is the classic sign of endocarditis

Answer 21

oslers node
janeway lesions
roth spots
spinter hamorrhages

Question 22

what is the treatment of endocarditis

Answer 22

IV vanco or ampicillin/sulbactam + aminoglycoside

Question 23

what should be added to medication regiment for the treatment of prostheic valve endocarditis

Answer 23

+ Rifampin

Question 24

what should be given to high-risk endocarditis prophylaxis for procedures

Answer 24

amoxicillin 2g 30-60 min prior to procedure

Question 25

what characterizes hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 25

retinal hemorrhages, exudates and papilledema

Question 26

what is the treatment of choice for hypertensive urgency

Answer 26

clonidine

Question 27

what is the treatment of choice for hypertensive emergency

Answer 27

sodium Nitroprusside

Question 28

what is the treatment of malignant hypertension/hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 28

clevidipine/sodium nitroprusside

Question 29

what is normal triglyceride levels

Answer 29

< 150 mg/dL

Question 30

what is the treatment of isolated elevated triglycerides

Answer 30

fibrates and Niacin

Question 31

What ABI level indicates significant disease

Answer 31

< or = 0.9

Question 32

what is the gold standard study for peripheral vascular disease

Answer 32

angiography

Question 33

what murmur presents as a systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo at the right upper sternal boarder

Answer 33

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 34

what murmur presents as a soft high pitched, blowing diastolic murmur along the left lower sternal border

Answer 34

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 35

what murmur presents wtih a diastolic low pitched blowing decrescendo and rumbling with opening snap at LUSB and apex

Answer 35

Mitral stenosis

Question 36

what murmur presents as a blowing holosystolic murmur at Apex with split S2

Answer 36

Mitral regurgitation

Question 37

what murmur presents with a harsh systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo murmur with widely split S2 at LUSB

Answer 37

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 38

what murmur presents with high pitched, early diastolic decrescendo murmur at LUSB

Answer 38

pulmonic regurgitation

Question 39

what murmur presents with a mid diastolic rumbling at LLSB with opening snap

Answer 39

tricuspid stenosis

Question 40

what murmur presents with high pitched holosystolic murmur at LLSB

Answer 40

tricuspid regurgitation