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PDCI Second Semester > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

S1

A

mitral and tricuspid closure

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2
Q

S2

A

aortic and pulmonic closure

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3
Q

S1 or S2 normal inspiration split

A

S2

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4
Q

aortic valve auscultation location

A

right sternal ICS 2

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5
Q

pulmonic valve auscultation location

A

left sternal ICS 2

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6
Q

tricuspid valve auscultation location

A

left sternal ICS 5

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7
Q

mitral valve auscultation location

A

MCL ICS 5

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8
Q

S1 loudest at

A

MCL ICS 5 (mitral)

left sternal ICS 5 (tricuspid)

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9
Q

S2 loudest at

A

left sternal ICS 2 (pulmonic)

right sternal ICS 2 (aortic)

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10
Q

gallop

A

low pitch diastolic extra heart sound S3 or S4

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11
Q

S3

A

early diastole in mitral area due to audible mitral valve opening

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12
Q

S4

A

later diastole in mitral area due to stiff ventricles

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13
Q

S3 pathological or normal?

A

pathological in heart failure

normal in athletic or pregnant people

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14
Q

S4 pathological or normal

A

pathological in children

normal in older people

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15
Q

click/snap

A

high pitched extra sound during diastolic or systolic

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16
Q

ejection click (EC)

A

immediantly after S1 (systolic)

audible A/P valve opening

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17
Q

non ejection click

A

between S1 and S2 (systolic)

indicative of mitral valve prolapse

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18
Q

opening snap/click

A

after S2- early diastolic
audible M/T opening
earlier and higher pitched than a gallop

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19
Q

systolic ejection murmur description

A

diamond shaped between S1 and S2 due to forceful flow across a valve
audible S1- nonholoistic

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20
Q

cause of systolic ejection murmur

A

aortic or pulmonic stenosis

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21
Q

systolic regurge murmur descriptoin

A

flat between S1 and S2 due to back flow

inaudible S1- holostic

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22
Q

cause of systolic regorge murmur

A

mitral or tricuspid regurgitataion

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23
Q

diastolic ejection murmur descriptoin

Study These Flashcards
A

diamond shaped between S2 and S1 caused by forceful flow across valve

24
Q

cause of diastolic ejection murmur

Study These Flashcards
A

mitral or tricuspid valve stenosis

25
diastolic regurge murmur description
tapered between S2 and S1 due to back flow
26
diastolic regurge murmur cause
aortic or pulmonic regurgitation
27
grade 1 murmur
inaudible
28
grade 2 murmur
audible
29
grade 3 murmur
loud
30
grade 4 murmur
loud with thrill
31
grade 5 murmur
loud with edge of sthethescope
32
grade 6 murmur
audible without stethescope
33
7 characteristics of innocent murmurs
``` early systolic ejection aortic or pulmonic grade 1 or 2 S2 inspiration split no other sounds normal history/labs ```
34
7 things when reporting on murmurs
``` loudness phase duration (holistic or not) profile pitch best heard location radiation ```
35
how to measure jugular venous pressure
45 degree angle, measure point of pulsation from the sternal angle 4.5 cm is normal
36
high JVP indicates
over hydration | lying down
37
low JVP indicates
dehydration | standing up
38
anacrotic pulse
peak later with slower increase | indicative of aortic valve stenosis
39
waterhammer pulse
huge peak | indicative of aortic regurgitation
40
alternans pulse
reduced peaks | indicative of heart failure
41
paradoxical pulse
drop in systolic during inspiration and increase during expiration indicative of cardiac tampanode
42
thrill palpation
MCP joints
43
local pulse palpatoin
fingers
44
heave/lift palpation
heel of hand
45
heave/lift indicative of
gross heart displacement (cardiomegaly)
46
normal PMI location
MCL ICS 5
47
what is a thrill
loud murmur
48
phonocardiogram
visual representaion of heart sounds
49
bell
low frequencies
50
diaphragm
high frequencies
51
auscultation starting point
mitral valve- PMI location
52
pulses evaluated for
``` amplitude contour symmetry bruits rate/rhythm ```
53
heart orientation
``` right = front left = back ```
54
PTCA
balloon angioplasty
55
CABG
heart bypass surgery
56
TEE
electrocardiogram directed through esophagus
57
cor pulmonale
enlargement of RV due to chronic lung disease

PDCI Second Semester (6 decks)

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