Cardiac Flashcards
(32 cards)
Precautions with contrast for diagnostic testing
Informed consent
Any kidney damage
Allergies
Dehydration
NO on metformin or NSAIDS 24-48 hours before and after
Evaluate kidney fxn.
Provide adequate hydration before and after testing
Assessment of migraine headaches
Aura develops Visual disturbances Vertigo Drowsiness N/V Photophobia (light sensitivity) Phonophobia (sound sensitivity ) Throbbing pain
Factors that trigger migraine attacks
Alcoholic beverages Aged cheese Caffeine Chocolate Fresh breads MSG Meats Anger Fatigue Hypoglycemia Hormonal fluctuations Stress Different altitudes
Cluster headache
30 minutes -2 hours intense unilateral pain that generally occurs in spring and fall without warning
Assessment of cluster headaches
Sleep wake cycle Throbbing around eyes, forehead, temple or cheek Ipsilateral( tearing of eye) Rhinorrhea (runny nose) Ptosis (drooping eyelid) Eyelid edema Facial sweating Miosis ( constriction of pupils)
Health teaching for patient with epilepsy
Drug therapy information
Do not take any OTC drugs without talking to HCP
Wear a medical bracelet
Avoid alcohol and excessive fatigue
Care of a patient during a tonic- clonic or complete partial seizure
Protect patient from injury Do not force anything down there throat Turn patient on side maintain airway Loosen any restrictive clothing Maintain airway Do not restrain or try and stop patients movements Record when the seizure began and ended
At completion of seizure
Take patients VS Perform neurologic checks Keep patient on side Allow patient to rest Document seizure
Nursing observations and documentation
Date, time, and duration Description of seizure if more than one type of seizure occurs Where seizure began Bod part first involved Changes in pupil size LOc Presence of apnea Incontinence of bowel bladder How long seizure lasts When last seizure took place Any aura What patient does after seizure How long it takes for patient to return to pre-seizure status
Key features of meningitis
Decreased LOC
Disoriented to person, place, and thing
Photophobia
Nystagmus
Seizure
Abnormal, sudden, excessive, uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons within the brain
Change in LOC
Epilepsy
2 or more seizures experienced by a person
4 types of seizures
Generalized
Partial
Unclassified
Secondary seizures
Generalized seizures
Both hemispheres
Tonic-clonic phase of seizure
Lasting 2-5 minutes
Tonic: stiffening or rigidity of muscles and immediate loss of C
Clonic: jerking of all extremities; bit his tongue, or incontinintent
Partial seizures
One cerebral hemispheres
Are less responsive to medical treatment
Complex partial seizure: black out for 1-3 minutes; unaware of environment
Seizures may be caused by
Metabolic disorders Acute alcohol withdrawal Electrolyte disturbances Heart disease High fever Stroke Substance abuse
Preictal phase
Presence of an aura before seizure begins
Postictal phase
After the seizure
Seizure precautions
Oxygen Suction equipment Airway IV access Side rails up and padded
Seizure medications with women
Hormonal changes
Interaction with oral contraceptives
Teratogenicity with AED’s
One thing that do not belong at the bedside
Padded tongue blades
NEVER be inserted
Medication for tonic-clonic seizure activity
Ativan
Valium
Diastat
IV phenytoin
Status epilepticus
Last more than 5 minutes or repeated seizures over course of 30 minutes MEICAL EMERGENCY Airway ABG's IV push ativan, valium Rectal diazepam
