Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Sodium normal levels
A
135-145
2
Q
Potassium normal levels
A
3.5-5.0
3
Q
Calcium normal levels
A
8.5-10.5
4
Q
Magnesium normal levels
A
1.3-2.1
5
Q
Chloride normal levels
A
97-110
6
Q
Phosphate normal levels
A
2.5-4.5
7
Q
PH normal levels
A
7.35-7.45
8
Q
PaO2 normal levels
A
80-100
9
Q
CO2 normal levels
A
35-45
10
Q
PaCO2 normal levels
A
35-45
11
Q
Bicarbonate normal levels
A
24-30
12
Q
Carbonic acid normal levels
A
2.4
13
Q
BUN normal levels
A
8-25
14
Q
Creatinine normal levels
A
0.6-1.5
15
Q
GLucose normal level
A
65-110
16
Q
Serum osmolality normal levels
A
280-300
17
Q
Hematocrit % normal level
A
36%-52%
18
Q
Isotonic fluids
A
5%dextrose in water
0.9% sodium chloride
Lactated Ringers
Water does not move into or out of cells
19
Q
Hypertonic fluids
A
5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride 5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride 3% normal saline 5% dextrose in lactated ringers Corrects fluid, electrolyte and acid base imbalances Par enteral nutrition
20
Q
Scope of medical surgical
A
Nurses promote, restore or maintain optimal health for patients
Promote health
Prevent illness/injury
Nurses must have broad knowledge base
21
Q
Expanding knowledge and technology
A
Ensure pt. safety as priority
IOM- 44,000and 98,000 pt deaths result each year from preventable errors
100,000 lives campaign: effort to save lives
Rapid Response team- save lives; provide care before resp. Or cardiac arrest
22
Q
6 core QSEN competencies
A
Provide patient centered care Implement EBP Use informatics in patient care Collaborate w/ HCT Use quality improvement in patient care
23
Q
Provide patient centered care-Focus on
A
Communication Compassion Culture Patient education Empowerment Respect
24
Q
SPEAK UP Campaign
A
Speak up Pay attention to care receiving Educate self Ask trusted family member Know medications you take Use hospital Participate in all decisions
25
Autonomy
Self- determination
26
Beneficence
Promotes positive actions
27
Veracity
Nurse obligated to tell truth to best of his/her knowledge
28
Teamwork and Collaboration
Planning
Implementation
Evaluating patient. Care together using ID plan of care
29
SBAR communication
Situation: what is happening
Background: relevant background info
Assessment: analysis of problem
Recommendations: needed or desired outcome
30
Quality Improvement
Monitor quality and effectiveness
Access and evaluate data
Recommend ways to improve care
Implement activities to improve care
31
Informatics: Information and tech used to
Communicate
Support decision making
Manage knowledge
Decrease errors
32
5 rights of delegation
```
Right task
Right person
Right supervision
Right circumstances
Right communication
```
33
Delegation
Transferring to a competent person of authority to perform a selected nursing task
34
The nurse is always
Accountable for the task that is delegated
35
Supervision
Guidance or direction, evaluation and follow up by the nurse to ensure task is done properly
36
Filtration
Movement of fluid through cell or blood vessel
| Related to water volume pressing against confining walls
37
Hydrostatic pressure
Water-pushing pressure
Blood pressure
Edema: clinical significance
38
Diffusion
Free movements of particles across permeable membrane from higher to lower
Sodium potassium pump
Glucose cannot enter unless insulin present
39
Minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste products
400-600 mL/day
40
Insensible water loss
Stool
Skin
Lungs
41
Dehydration care
```
Fluid intake does not meet body's fluid needs
Effects: Cardio
Respiratory
Skin
Neurological
Renal
```
42
1L of water weighs
2.2 lb equal to 1 kg
43
Weight change of 1lb
Fluid volume change of about 500 mL
44
Fluid overload care
High
45
Older adults
At risk for fluid imbalance
Tearing of skin
Select higher in arm
Angle 10-15 degrees
46
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Stay in vascular
Treats fluid overload
Treats dehydration
47
TPN has osmolarity
>1400
| Never be infused peripheral circulation
48
Peripheral IV therapy
Dwell for 72-96 hours then require a new insertion site
49
Veins cannot be used in patients with:
```
Mastectomy
Auxiliary lymph node dissection
Lymph edema
Paralysis of upper extremities
Dialysis graft or fistulas
```
50
CD recommends aseptic technique include:
```
Hand hygiene
Clip hair; do not shave
Ensure skin is clean
Wear gloves
Prepare skin with 70% alcohol
```
51
Midline catheter
```
3-8 inches
Inserted through vein in upper arm
Used for therapies 1-4 weeks
Do not use vesicant drugs; can cause tissue damage
Do not use to draw blood
```
52
Central IV. Therapy
Placed into the superior vena cava
| Chest X-Ray to confirm placement
53
PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter)
18-29 inches
Chest X-Ray determines placement
Used for contrast injection
54
Nontunneled per cutaneous central venous catheter
```
Inserted through subclavian vein in upper chest or jugular vein
May require insertion in femoral vein
7-10 inches
Tip resides in SVC
Chest X-Ray confirms placement
```
55
Implanted Port
```
Surgically created subcutaneous pocket houses the port body
Placed in upper chest/extremity
Not visible
FLushing after each use
ANd flushed at least once per month
```
56
Hemodialysis catheter
Catheters-related bloodstream infections
Vein thrombosis
Do not use for administering other fluids/medications
57
Change lipid tubing every
24 hours
58
Change blood tubing every
4 hours
59
Change propofol tubing every
6 to 12 hours
60
Interventions to reduce infection risk:
Clean needle less system connections before use for 30 seconds
Do not tape connections tubing sets
Hand hygiene
61
Steps of EBP process
Asking burning question
Find find the very best evidence available
Critically appraise and synthesize relevant evidence
MAke recommendations for practice improvement
Implement accepted recommendations
Evaluate outcomes
62
Qualitative
Focuses on meaning and interpretation of experience
63
Quantitative
Asks about relationship between defined measurable phenomena
Statistical analysis
64
PICOT format
```
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time
```
65
Level 1 of evidence
Book
66
Level 2 of evidence
Book
