Cardiac Arrhythmias Flashcards
(27 cards)
1
Q
Cardiac Arrhythmias
A
- Heart beats too fast too slowor irregular
2
Q
Causes of Arrhythmias
A
- Sinus node becomes diseased or slows down
- Normal conduction pathway is interrupted another part of heart takes over as pacemaker
3
Q
Presenting syptoms
A
- Palpatations
- Signs of hypertention
- Signs of low brain perfusion: dizziness and forgetful
- Tachycardia angina and sudden cardiac death
4
Q
Causes of Arrhythmias
A
- Ischemia
- Hypoxia
- Acidosis or Alkakosis
- Excessive electrolyte
- Drug toxicity
5
Q
Superventricular arrhythmias
A
- Arterial fibrillation
- Arterial flutter
- Paroxysmal superventricular tachycardia
- heart blocks
6
Q
Ventricular arrhythmias
A
- Ventricular fribrillation
- Ventricular tachycardia
7
Q
What happens in sinus tachycardia
A
- Low systolic filling time
- Low BP
- Poor perfusion of Oxygenated blood
- Decreased cardiac output and stroke volume
8
Q
Sinus Bradycardia
A
- <60bpm regular rhythm and normal QRS
- Atenolol and bisoprolol lower heart rate
- Sinus node disease, Vagal stimulation well trained hearts
9
Q
Atrial fibrillation ECG
A
- Irregular rapid rhythm
- Unable to see P wave able to see QRS
- Unable to see isoelectric point and PR is not measureable
- 300bpm-600bpm
10
Q
Symptoms of AF
A
- Asymptomatic
- Palpatations
- Dyspenea
- Pulmonary odemea
11
Q
Causes of AF
A
- Athroscleosis
- Heart failure
- Congenital heart disease
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
12
Q
Atrial flutter
A
- Normal atrial rhythm but irregular
- 150-400bpm
- Normal reate at AV node stops conducting action potentials
- Multiple P waves per QRS
- Regular in shape but irregular frequency
Saw tooth apperance
13
Q
Symptoms of atrial flutter
A
- Shortness of breath
- Tiredness
- Chest pains
- Fluttering heart beats
14
Q
Causes of arterial flutter
A
- Heart failure
- Pulmonary embolism
- Inferior wall of MI
15
Q
Superventricular tachychardia
A
- Fast electrical activity
- Regular with >150bpm and no P wave loop at AV node
- Narrow/normal QRS
16
Q
Symptoms of Superventricular tachychardia
A
- Chest pains feeling weak and tired
- Breathless and lightheaded
- Feeling sick sweating and fainting
17
Q
Causes of Superventricular tachychardia
A
- Heart disease
- Chronic lung disease
- Lots of caffine
- Drinking too much alcohol
- Drug misuse
- Smoking and pregnancy
18
Q
Ventricular tachychardia
A
- Regular rhythm with 120-200bpm
- P wave is blurred in QRS complex
- QRS complex wide and bizarre
- T wave opposite
- PR interval not present
19
Q
Ventricular tachychardia Symptoms
A
- Light headedness weakness
- Cardiac output cannot be maintained
20
Q
Ventricular tachychardia causes
A
- MI
- Aneuresym
- Hypokalemia
21
Q
Ventricular Tacycardia types
A
- Monomorphic
- Polymorphic
22
Q
Polymorphic Ventricular Tacycardia
A
- Called Torsades de pointes meaning twisting points
23
Q
Causes of Ventricular Tacycardia
A
- Genetic factors
- Hypokalemia
- Hypocalcemia
24
Q
Treatment Ventricular Tacycardia
A
- Shock heart back to sinius rhythm before reching VF
25
Ventricular Fibrillation
- Rapid and uncoodinated
- Chaotic rhythm
- QRS complex wide and irregular
- P wave not seen and PR intervals noy seen
26
Symptoms of Ventricular Fibrillation
- Loss of conciousness
- Pulselessness
- Loss of BP
- Possible sezuire and sudden death
27
Causes of Ventricular Fibrillation
- MI
- Untreated ventricular tachycardia
- Electrolyte imbalance
