Infection prevention and control

Question 1

What is infection prevention

Answer 1

• Prevents patients and
  health workers from being harmed by avoidable infection and antimicrobial stewardship

Question 2

What does infection control include

Answer 2

• Vaccination against
  preventable diseases and antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical
  procedures and recurrent infections

Question 3

Antimicrobial resistance

Answer 3

• Prevent infections slows antimicrobial resistance
• Slow the prescribing of antibiotic drugs

Question 4

How is infection spread

Answer 4

• Microrganism enter body increase number and cause a reaction in the body

Question 5

Three things which necessary for infection to occour

Answer 5

• Places where micro-organisms live
• Way for micro-organisms to enter the body
• Way microorganism enter the body and are moved to susceptiable person

Question 6

Sources

Answer 6

• Healthcare workers
• Visitors and household members
• Surfaces
• Indwelling medical devices

Question 7

Susceptible person

Answer 7

• Not vaccinated person weakened immune system
• Microoganism ever via body and invade tissues, multiply, and cause a reaction
• IV catheters and surgical incisions can provide an entryway

Question 8

Transmission

Answer 8

• Moved to susceptiable person perople and medical equipment
• Touching spray, splashing, sharps injuries

Question 9

Contact spread

Answer 9

• Move by touch
• MRSA - RESISTANCE to fluconazole ,
  C.difficile - Lives in flora disrupt then causes disease

Question 10

Droplet respiratory spread

Answer 10

• Coughs or sneezes, creating droplets which carry micro-organisms short distances
• Land on persons eyes nose and mouth 2m distance

Question 11

Aerosol Respiratory Spread

Answer 11

• Tiny particles that survive on air currents over great
  distances
• Stay in air TB and measels cough, talk, or sneeze micro-organisms into the air
• aerosolized by medical equipment e.g. ventilation, CPAP, CPR

Question 12

PPE of contact

Answer 12

Handwashing
Gloves and Aprons

Question 13

Droplet PPE

Answer 13

• Fluid resistant surgical mask

Question 14

Aerosol

Answer 14

• FFP3 mask and eye protection

Question 15

Correct use of gloves

Answer 15

• Single use gloves - clean
• Make sure it fits correctly and remove gloves once task is complete
• Avoid touching edges
• clean hands after

Question 16

Define

Standard Precautions

Answer 16

• They protect healthcare providers from infection and prevent the spread of infection from patient to patient

Question 17

Transmission-Based Precautions

Answer 17

• Addition to Standard Precautions for patients who may be infected or colonized with certain infectious agents
• PPE provided

Question 18

Standard precautions examples

Answer 18

• Hand hygiene
• Bare below the elbow
• Follow respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette principles
• PPE if handling potentially infectious material e.g. body fluids
• Cleaning and disinfecting equipment and the environment
  appropriately
• Proper handling of needles and other sharps

Question 19

5 moments of hand hygine

Answer 19

• Before touching patient
• Clean before aseptic procedure
• After body fluid exosure risk
• After touching patiient surroundings

Question 20

Healthcare associated infection

Answer 20

• As any infection acquired in relation to the delivery of healthcare in
  its widest sense in GP and hospital

Question 21

Clostridium difficile

Answer 21

• Causes infection when the guts normal flora is disrupted or if immunocompromised - previous treatmen using antibiotics
• Toxins damage lining of colon - diarrhoea to perforation of
  the colon, sepsis and death
• Spores spead in the hospital setting

Question 22

Screening for resistant organisms

Answer 22

• High risk are screened
• Mangement for patient that is colonised by resistant organism
• Antibiotic therapy may also need to be adjusted to ensure that treatment given cover this additional resistance

Question 23

Screening of MRSA

Answer 23

Nose, throat, groin + any wounds

Question 24

GRE and CPO screening

Answer 24

• Use a rectal swab

Question 25

Decolonisation

Answer 25

- Positive MRSA use decolonisation therapy - Nasal decolonisation disinfect hair and skin for 5 days - Re-screened and decolonisation repeated reduce the risk of spread of resistant organisms

Question 26

Cleaning and decontamination

Answer 26

- Regular cleaning and disinfecting surfaces vital - Stethoscopes should also be decontaminated between patients

Question 27

Medical devices

Answer 27

- Urinary catheters and IV lines provides route for infetion to enter - Remove ASAPto decrease risk - Switch from IV to oral when required

Question 28

Isolation

Answer 28

- Nurse patient is single rooms - Priority risk in indavidual rooms or barrier nursed in bays instead - Don and Doff appropriately

Question 29

Vaccinations

Answer 29

- Available against many viral and bacterial infections - Children MMR and meningitis vaccines

Question 30

Pneumococcal vaccination

Answer 30

- Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogen meningitis, sepsis and pneumonia - - Given to childhood and risk groups

Question 31

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Answer 31

- Given to cover surgical procedures where there is potential for contamination - Reduces reoccouring infections such as UTIs

Question 32

Surgical prophylaxis

Answer 32

- Antibotics given via IV before operations repeated doses are given for long operations or if there is significant blood loss

Question 33

UTI or cellulitis Antibiotic prophylaxis

Answer 33

- Low daily dose of antibiotics used for a limited period to break cycle of infection - Improve underlying factors