Cardiac Conditions Flashcards
(19 cards)
What condition is described?
Build up of waxy plaque inside blood vessels, responsible for most heart disease = progressive.
Reduces diameter, restricting blood flow and oxygenation. Also Increasing risk of blood clots.
Atheroscelerosis
Causes for Atherosclerosis
Normal Aging, High Blood Pressure, Diabetes.
What condition is described?
Result of Atherosclerosis- inadequate blood supply to myocardium.
Ischaemic Heart Disease
Causes/Risk Factors for Ischaemic Heart Disease
Age, Gender, Race, Family History, Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, Smoking, Obesity
Signs and Symptoms for Ischaemic Heart Disease
Exertional Angina, Dizziness, Nausea, Light headedness. Cold Sweats, SoB with activity, Weakness
What condition is described?
Myocardial ischaemia at rest or on minimal exertion in the absence of acute cardiomyocte injury or necrosis.
Unstable Angina
Signs and Symptoms of Unstable Angina
Prolonged angina at rest >20mins, New onset of severe anginga, increased frequency, longer in duration, lower threshold or after recent myocardial infarction. Chest Pain.
Risk factors for Unstable Angina
Smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity and metabolic syndrome
What condition is described?
‘Heart Attack’ Sudden ischaemic death of myocardial tissue due to interruption of myocardial blood flow
Myocardial Infarction
Risk factors for Myocardial Infarction
Males >45y/o, Females >55y/o
Smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes, Obsesity and sedentary lifestyles
STEMI or NSTEMI-
1. Type of Heart Attack with long interruption to blood supply
2. Type of Heart Attack involving partial blockage of one of the coronary arteries.
- STEMI
- NSTEMI
Both reduce flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
What condition is described?
Dilation in which aorta is >3.0cm
Whereas Normal is <2.1-<1.6cm
Aortic wall continues to weaken meaning it is unable to withstand force from luminal blood pressure, dilates and may rupture.
Aortic Aneurysm
What condition is described?
Heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the systemic requirements/demands of circulation?
Congestive Heart Failure
Causes of Congestive Heart Failure?
Impaired ventricular filling or ejection of blood to systemic circulation
Signs and Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure?
Fatigue, Dyspnea (SoB), Reduction in exercise tolerance, Fluid retension.
What are ICDs?
What is their purpose?
Implanted Cardioverter- Defibrillators- deliver’s shocks if rhythms are dangerous. Act as a pacemaker and defibrillator.
Purpose- Protect from ventricular arrhythmia’s, monitor heart rhythm and record patterns when observing an abnormal beat.
What are pacemakers?
Implanted device to restore atrioventricular synchrony and sustain adequate HR to meet demand.
What are Aortic Valve Replacements for?
Replace damaged valves which affect blood flow through the heart
What is Coronary Artery Bypass Graft used for?
Used as a treatment for myocardial ischaemia
Required when coronary arteries providing blood to heart is narrowed or blocked.
