Cardiac Control Flashcards Preview

Sport - Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiac Control > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cardiac Control Deck (16)
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1
Q

What are the neural factors which regulate heart rate?

A
  • Chemoreceptors (lactate, CO2)
  • Baroreceptors (blood pressure, artery walls)
  • Proprioceptors (movement)
2
Q

What is the process of increasing heart rate by neural control?

A
  • Receptors
  • Medulla oblongata, CCC
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Accelerator nerve
  • SA node
3
Q

What are the three method of receiving information for the CCC?

A
  • Neural
  • Intrinsic
  • Hormonal
4
Q

What is the intrinsic process of cardiac control?

A
  • Increased temperature
  • Reduction in blood plasma and water
  • Higher viscosity
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Heart works hard to maintain flow
  • Viscosity means easier conduction for impulse
5
Q

What is the hormonal process of cardiac control?

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system stimulates adrenal glands, adrenaline and nor adrenaline increase contraction force
6
Q

What is sympathetic nervous stimulation?

A
  • SA node stimulated by accelerator nerve
7
Q

What is parasympathetic nervous stimulation?

A
  • SA node stimulated by vagus nerve, HR reduces
8
Q

What are the functions of the vascular system?

A
  • Transports nutrients
  • Protects and fights against disease
  • Maintains internal conditions
9
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart under highest possible pressure

10
Q

What is the function of arterioles?

A

Carries blood from arteries to capillaries. Controls pressure and distribution by vasomotor control

11
Q

What is a pre-capillary sphincter?

A
  • Controls blood flow from arterioles to capillaries

- Controlled by sympathetic nervous stimulation

12
Q

What is a capillary?

A
  • Low pressure, from arterioles to venules, sites of substance exchange
13
Q

What are venules?

A

Vessels linking capillaries to veins

14
Q

What are veins?

A

Lowest pressure, working with muscle pump and gravity to return blood to the heart

15
Q

What changes occur during exercise to aid venous return?

A
  • Gravity always used to aid from above heart
  • Pocket valves used more
  • Muscle pump mechanism
  • Vasomotor tone increases a little by smooth muscle
  • Size of lumen will increase
  • Respiratory pump mechanism
16
Q

What changes occur during vascular shunt?

A
  • Chemoreceptors detect increase in lactate and CO2
  • Baroreceptors detect increase in blood pressure (blood vessel walls)
  • Information sent to medulla oblongata, VCC
  • Sympathetic stimulation increases to arterioles and PCS at useless organs
  • Sympathetic stimulation decreases to arterioles and PCS at muscles, heart, skin