CARDIAC D/O

Question 1

a chronic condition where ther is an inadequate venous return d/t pathologic ischemia

Answer 1

PVD

Question 2

PVD MANIFESTATIONS:

1. _____ discoloration
2. ______ wound edges around ankle
3. swelling & pedal pulse is ______ since arteries are unaffected (pulse = arteries)

Answer 2

1. Brown
2. uneven
   present

Question 3

PVD tx

Answer 3

elevate legs & wound care

Question 4

clot in the vascular wall

Answer 4

DVT

Question 5

Causes of DVT

1. Venous _____ (immobility, age)
2. Vein Wall _____
3. _____coagulability (pregnancy, oral contraceptives, cancer)

Answer 5

1. stasis
2. injury/damage
3. HYPERcoagulability

Question 6

Tumor compresses SVC;
an ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCY!

Answer 6

Superior vena cava syndrome

Question 7

Manifestations of SVC Syndrome:

1. Facial ____ (redness d/t bld fluid in face)
2. Distention of ______ veins (veins above the chest)
3. Upper extremity ______

Answer 7

1. Plethora
2. thoracic
3. edema

Question 8

Inflammatory dse where plaque builds up;

MOST COMMON CAUSE od CAD & CVD

Answer 8

Atherosclerosis

Question 9

Antihypertensive Meds (A,B,C,D)

Answer 9

ACE inh.
BB
CCB
Diuretics

Question 10

A localized dilation of the vessel wall

Answer 10

Aneurysm

Question 11

most common site of aneurysm

Answer 11

aorta

Question 12

AAA is characterized by:
pain located in ______ that is described as ______

Answer 12

Abd, back pain
“gnawing/sharp pain”

Question 13

Most common TYPE of aneurysm

Answer 13

AAA (abdominal Aortic aneurysm)

Question 14

Thoracic Aortic Aneursm is characterized by:
pain located in ______

With ______ of breath & ______ with swallow

Answer 14

Back

shortness of breath; hoarseness/struggling with swallow

Question 15

If a pulsating mass is found in an aneurysm

Answer 15

NEVER PALPATE –> RUPTURE (ER)

Question 16

RISK FACTORS for Embolism:

1. _________ d/t hypercoagulability & amniotic fluid embolism risk
2. __________ Blood pools in the atria
   3.__________ Fats is released from bone marrow after trauma

Answer 16

1. Pregnancy
2. A-fib
3. Long bone fracture (femur/pelvis)

Question 17

Air enters a vein/artery & is a COMPLICATION of a Sx

Answer 17

Air embolism

Question 18

Position for Air embolism?

Answer 18

Durant’s Maneuver (LL Trendelenburg)
- traps embolism in R atria & aspirated by surgeon

Question 19

HIGH RISK for Air embolism:

Placement of _____ or arterial _____

Answer 19

CVC/ Arterial Catheter
- if pt suddenly DESATURATES, expect this

Question 20

PAD:

1. Blood flow to _____ is affected
2. ______ (color) with dependent rubor
3. Hair____, cool & clammy
4. Pedal pulses ______
5. ______ in wounds
6. Pain stops with ____ & occurs with _____
7. Ttx?

Answer 20

1. lower limbs
2. Pallor
3. HairLESS
4. ABSENT/poor
5. Eschar (dead tissue)
6. Rest & Activity
7. dAngle legs

Question 21

PVD:

1. Blood flow to _____ is affected
2. ______ (color) discoloration
3. Swelling
4. Pedal pulses ______
5. ______ wounds around ankle
6. Pain stops with ____ & occurs with _____
7. Ttx?

Answer 21

1. back to the heart
2. Brown
3. swelling
4. PRESENT
5. UNEVEN
6. actiVity; rest
7. eleVate & proper wound care

Question 22

Chest pain that goes away via rest & NTG

Answer 22

Chronic Stable Angina

Question 23

Chest pain that DOES NOT goes away via rest & NTG

Answer 23

Unstabl ANgina

Question 24

Sx for MI?

Answer 24

CATH LAB W/I 90 MIN FOR PCI!!

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Question 25

Condition wherein there is an IRREVERSIBLE damage to heart muscle d/t prolonged ischemia

Answer 25

MI

Question 26

Tx for MI?

Answer 26

O-xygen N-TG A-spirin M-orphine

Question 27

Complication of Pericarditis?

Answer 27

CARDIAC TAMPONADE | ER! --> d/t fluid buildup

Question 28

Cardiac Tamponande S/sx: Beck's triad + Pericardial pain + Pulsus ______ + _____ Pulse Pressure

Answer 28

(HYPOtenion, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds) + Chest pain INCREASES upon INSPIRING + Pulsus Paradoxus (LARGE dec in systolic bp & pulse upon INSPIRATION) + NARROWED pulse pressure (<40) - difference b/w sys & dias BP B-jugular VD E-xtreme HYPOtension C- ant hear heart sounds

Question 29

Tx for Pericarditis?

Answer 29

NSAIDS

Question 30

fluid collection in the pericardial sac

Answer 30

Pericardial Effusion | Muffled <3 sounds

Question 31

Tx for Pericardial Effusion?

Answer 31

Pericardiocentesis

Question 32

Cardiac Tamponade tx

Answer 32

Pericardiocentesis & Sx

Question 33

Dse of the myocardial tissue

Answer 33

Cardiomyopathy (dilated, restrictive, hypertrophic)

Question 34

Cardiomyopathy Type ventricle dilation WITH NO hypertrophy

Answer 34

dilated

Question 35

Cardiomyopathy caused by bacteria, virus, fungi: causes necrosis of myocardial cells --> FLABBY (malambot) & dilated myocardium

Answer 35

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Question 36

Cardiomyopathy Type rigid ventricular muscle walls with

Answer 36

Restrictive; Idiopathic

Question 37

Cardiomyopathy Type myocardium ASSYMETRICALLY increasing in size & mass along the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM (separates LV & RV)

Answer 37

Hypertrophic

Question 38

Caused by rare autosomal gen in women & children (genetical)

Answer 38

Hypertrophic

Question 39

Cardiomyopathy with idiopathic cause

Answer 39

Restrictive

Question 40

Tx of Endocarditis?

Answer 40

Antibiotics

Question 41

Heart Failure tx: DECREASE AFTERLOAD! 1. "A & A" meds 2. _______ Inc contractility 3. _______ Reduce excess fluids

Answer 41

1. Ace inh & ARBs 2. Digoxin 3. Diuretic

Question 42

Teach pt with HF to report

Answer 42

Rapid wt GAIN: 3lbs/week OR 1-2lbs/day