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Adult Health 1 > Cardiac Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Ace Inhibitors (end in “pril”)

A

arterial vasodilator
Used for HTN, heart failure, sometimes after MI if heart failure

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2
Q

Ace Inhibitors nursing notes

A

monitor BP and heart rate-can cause orthostatic hypotension; common
side effect a dry cough; life threatening side effect angioedema; monitor potassium-can
increase potassium; monitor kidney function; start slow

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3
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor blockers (ARBs) (end in “artan”)

A

arterial vasodilator
Used for HTN, heart failure, sometimes after MI if heart failure

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4
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor blockers (ARBs) nursing notes

A

monitor BP and heart rate-can cause orthostatic hypotension; monitor
potassium-can increase potassium; monitor kidney function

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5
Q

Calcium channel blockers (end in “pine”)

A

slows movement of calcium into cells; vasodilator and decreases workload of heart
Used for HTN, heart failure, dysrhythmias (slows HR) angina (if stable, not in an acute
situation)

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6
Q

Calcium channel blockers (end in “pine”) nursing notes

A

monitor BP and heart rate; monitor for swelling, facial flushing, and
fatigue

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7
Q

Beta Blockers (end in “lol”)

A

blocks beta receptors, decrease sympathetic response; decreases HR myocardial
contractility (force of contraction)
Used for HTN, sometimes heart failure (not acute HF), sometimes used in MI (decrease
size of infarct and risk of dysrhythmias); slows ventricular response for afib dysrhythmia

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8
Q

Beta Blockers (end in “lol”) nursing notes

A

monitor HR and blood pressure; can cause fatigue, depression and
sexual dysfunction; start slowly and do not stop abruptly-can cause rebound
hypertension; monitor for bronchospasm (wheezing) ; monitor blood glucose-can cause
decrease hepatic production of glucose so use cautiously with diabetes

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9
Q

Diuretics

A

decreases blood volume
Types: Thiazide (ex. hydrochlorothiazide-HCTZ); Loop (ex. furosemide,
torsemide); Potassium sparing (ex. spironolactone)
Used for HTN (common first line med), heart failure

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10
Q

Diuretics nursing notes

A

monitor BP/orthostatic hypotension; monitor for dehydration; monitor
for hypokalemia with thiazide and loop diuretics; monitor for hyperkalemia with
potassium sparing diuretics; educate patients about frequent voiding and timing of
administration; monitor kidney function (creatinine)

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11
Q

Digoxin

A

slows conduction through AV node and increases contractility
Used for heart failure, some dysrhythmias to control heart rate

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12
Q

Digoxin nursing notes

A

check apical pulse for one full minute before administration; monitor for
digoxin toxicity-signs: fatigue, blurred vision, changes in mental status, dysrhythmias);
monitor potassium levels-hypokalemia can increase risk of dig toxicity; hyperkalemia
can decrease effectiveness of dig)

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13
Q

Aspirin

A

antiplatelet and inhibits vasoconstriction
Used with MI

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14
Q

Aspirin nursing notes

A

monitor for bleeding; can irritate gastric lining

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15
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix) and Ticagrelor (brilinta)

A

antiplatelet
Used with MI

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16
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix) and Ticagrelor (brilinta) nursing notes

A

monitor for bleeding

17
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant
Used with DVT and PE (prevention and treatment), MI

18
Q

heparin nursing notes

A

Monitor PTT or heparin Xa; antidote-protamine sulfate; IV route for
treatment doses based on body weight; SQ route for preventative; monitor for
bleeding-hematuria, blood in stool, ecchymosis, petechiae, altered LOC or abdominal
pain; Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) – life-threatening complication of
heparin therapy

19
Q

Enoxaparin

A

anticoagulant
Used for DVT and PE (prevention and treatment)

20
Q

Enoxaparin nursing notes

A

Monitor PT and/or heparin Xa; antidote-protamine sulfate; weight
based dosing (1 mg/kg); monitor for bleeding-hematuria, blood in stool, ecchymosis,
petechiae, altered LOC or abdominal pain; for treating an acute DVT or PE may see an
overlap of enoxaparin and warfarin

21
Q

Warfarin

A

anticoagulant
Used after a DVT/PE for further prevention; Afib and artificial heart valve replacement
to prevent thrombus formation

22
Q

Warfarin nursing notes

A

Monitor PT/INR; antidote-vitamin K; adjust dosing based on INR;
monitor for bleeding-hematuria, blood in stool, ecchymosis, petechiae, altered LOC or
abdominal pain; teach patients to avoid foods with high vitamin K (green leafy
vegetables) as it can make dosing difficult

23
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

A

thrombolytic
Used to treat an MI to dissolve thrombi in coronary circulation

24
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) nursing notes

A

given IV or intracoronary; high risk for bleeding-monitor for hematuria,
blood in stool, ecchymosis, petechiae, altered LOC or abdominal pain

25
Q

Statin medication (ends with “statin”)

A

decreases cholesterol
Used with atherosclerosis, post MI, CAD

26
Q

Statin medication (ends with “statin”) nursing notes

A

monitor liver enzymes; used in conjunction with diet and exercise
changes

27
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

venous vasodilator
Used with stable angina, acute coronary syndrome and sometimes with heart failure

28
Q

Nitroglycerin nursing notes

A

monitor blood pressure before and after for hypotension; can cause a
headache; can be given sublingual, IV, or topical

29
Q

Morphine sulfate

A

opioid
Used with MI to decrease pain, decrease venous return and slow respirations

30
Q

Morphine sulfate nursing notes

A

closely watch respiratory rate; monitor heart rate and BP (both can
decrease)

31
Q

Atropine

A

antidysrhythmic, anticholinergic
Used for symptomatic bradycardia

32
Q

atropine nursing notes

A

close BP and HR monitoring; tele monitoring; possible dry mouth and GI
problems secondary to anticholinergic properties

33
Q

Amiodarone

A

antidysrhythmic
Used with sustained V tach, SVT (supraventricular tachycardia), V fib, Afib

34
Q

amiodarone nursing notes

A

monitor for hypotension and bradycardia; tele monitoring; monitor for
prolonged QTc

35
Q

Epinephrine

A

adrenaline
Used for asystole; used in ACLS algorithm; also used for anaphylaxis

36
Q

epinephrine nursing notes

A

tele monitoring

Adult Health 1 (16 decks)

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