Cardiac Drugs

Question 1

what drugs are thiazide diuretics

Answer 1

HTCZ, Chlorthalidone, metolazone

Question 2

What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 2

Orthostatic hyPOtension

hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose

Question 3

What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 3

Orthostatic hyPOtension

hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose

Question 4

what drugs are thiazide diuretics

Answer 4

HTCZ, Chlorthalidone, metolazone

Question 5

how do aldosterone receptor blockerswork

Answer 5

competes with aldosterone, prevents sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the distal tubule

Question 6

What are the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 6

Orthostatic hyPOtension

hypoKalemia, Hyponatermia, HyPERcalcemia, increase in uric acid, increase glucose

Question 7

how do potassium sparing drugs work

Answer 7

block sodium reabsportion, and potassium excretion independent of aldosterone

Question 8

How do loop diuretics work?

Answer 8

inhibit transport of sodium, chloride and potassium in the ascending lop of Henle excreting these ions

Question 9

what are the adverse effects of loop diuretics

Answer 9

hypokalemia, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagenesmia and Increase in uric acid
Ototoxic
Increase Serum Creatinine

Question 10

How do ACE work

Answer 10

inhibit ACE to block the production of ATII
which inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin which is a vasodilator
Also dilates efferent arteriole of kidney

Question 11

how do aldosterone receptor blockerswork

Answer 11

competes with aldosterone, prevents sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

Question 12

which drugs are postassium receptor blockers

Answer 12

Triamterene

Amiloride

Question 13

how do potassium sparing drugs work

Answer 13

block sodium reabsportion, and potassium excretion independent of aldosterone

Question 14

what are the adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics

Spironolactone?

Answer 14

HYPERKALEMIA

SPironoloactone: gynocomastia, menstrual irregularities

Question 15

what drugs are part of the ACE inhibitors

Answer 15

anything that ends on -pril
Lisinopril
captoril
enalapril

Question 16

what beta blockers are alpha and beta blockers

Answer 16

Carvedilol and labetalol

Question 17

what should you monitor with ACE’s

Answer 17

Potassium and Serum Creatinine 4 wks after initiation or dose change
Angioedema (lip and tongue swelling) if you get it you can never use an ACE again

Question 18

what drugs are part of ARB

Answer 18

anything ending in -sartan
Candesartan
Eprosartan
Irbesartan
Losartan
Valsartan

Question 19

how do ARBs work

Answer 19

inhibits angiotensin II at its receptor but does not inhibit bradykinin breakdown

Question 20

what are the adverse effects of ARBs

Answer 20

Angioedema

hyperkalemia

Question 21

What beta blockers are cardioselective AMEBBA?

Answer 21

Atenolol,metoprolol,esmolol,bisoprolol,betaxolol,

acebutolol

Question 22

what beta blockers are alpha and beta blockers

Answer 22

Carvedilol and labetalol

Question 23

what are common adverse effects of beta blockers

Answer 23

tired, fatigue, depressed, chest might feel different due to change in heart beat
Rebound HTN if stopped abruptly

Question 24

relative contraindications to beta blockers

Answer 24

Asthma COPD (bronchospasm)
Diabetes (masks hypoglycemic response)
Peripheral vascular disease
heart block
Acute heart failure

Question 25

adverese effects of dyhydropyridines

Answer 25

periphereal edema reflex tachycardia flushing

Question 26

what calcium channel blockers are dyhydropyridines?

Answer 26

Amlodipine Felodipine Isradipine Nifedipine

Question 27

how do calcium channel blockers work?

Answer 27

inhibits calcium influx into cells and prevents muscle contraction.

Question 28

how do dyhydropyridines work

Answer 28

inhibits calcium influx into vascular smooth muscule causing peripheral vasodilation

Question 29

how to non-dyhydropyridines work

Answer 29

inhibits cardiac smooth muscle which decreases heart contraction force and rate

Question 30

adverse reactions to all non-dyhydropyridiens

Answer 30

Bradicardia CHF exacerbation Heart Block Gingival hyperplasia (gums separate from teeth)

Question 31

adverese effects of dyhydropyridines

Answer 31

periphereal edema reflex tachycardia flushing

Question 32

what drugs are part of the alpha 1 blockers?

Answer 32

``` Prazosin Terazosin Doxazosin Tamsulosin Alfuzosin ```

Question 33

how do alpha blockers work

Answer 33

inhibits alpha 1 receptors in the periphery which causes vasodilation

Question 34

what drugs are part of the alpha 2 agonists

Answer 34

methyldopa | Clonidine

Question 35

how do alpha 2 agonists work?

Answer 35

stimulate alpha 2 receptors in brain which reduces outflow from brain which produces a decrease in BP and Peripheral vascular resistance

Question 36

what are the adverse reactions to methyldopa

Answer 36

liver toxicities, hemolytic anemia

Question 37

what are the adverse effects of clonidine

Answer 37

rash with a patch dry mouth, sedation, constipation and urinary retention Clonidine is available as a patch

Question 38

what drugs are vasodilators

Answer 38

hydralazine | minoxidil

Question 39

how do vasodilators work

Answer 39

directly vasodilate especially in arteries and arterioles which decreases vascular resistance

Question 40

hydralazine adverse effects

Answer 40

lupus like syndrome of dermatitis, fever, peripheral neuropath, hepatitis

Question 41

minoxidil adverse effects

Answer 41

hirsutism