Cardiac/HT

Question 1

Which should be attempted 1st when treating CVD

Answer 1

Diet therapy

Question 2

How long should diet therapy be used prior to starting medication therapy?

Answer 2

12 weeks

Question 3

Which lab value is used to make decisions about starting medication and/or diet therapy?

Answer 3

LDL

Question 4

Normal serum TG levels are considered to be:

Answer 4

<150 mg/dL

Question 4

LDL cholesterol has less ___ compared to HDL cholesterol

Answer 4

Protein

Question 5

Omniheart diet

Answer 5

reduce CHO by 10% replacing with protein or fat (good for high cholesterol and DM)

Question 6

DASH diet

Answer 6

increase fruits/vegs, low fat dairy, whole grains, fish, nuts (prevention of CVD) high in K

Question 7

Mediterranean diet

Answer 7

whole grains, fatty fish, low red meat/lean meat, fruits/vegs

Question 7

Common treatment for CVD

Answer 7

Statins

Question 8

Left sided heart failure

Answer 8

Pulmonary Edema

Question 9

HF pts with edema, treatment may include

Answer 9

low Na+ diet & diuretics

Question 10

Beta-blockers for HT pts may

Answer 10

increase TG

Question 10

After a MI we often see

Answer 10

hyperglycemia

Question 11

LDL has more ___ than HDL

Answer 11

cholesterol

Question 12

lifestyle changes (CVD)

Answer 12

tobacco, inactivity, poor diet, stress, insufficient sleep, excessive ETOH consumption

Question 13

no restriction for

Answer 13

Dietary cholesterol or Total fat

Question 14

Statins

Answer 14

reduce LDL, raise HDL
interferes with hepatic cholesterol synthesis

Question 15

high intensity statins

Answer 15

lowers LDL by >50%

Question 16

moderate Statin

Answer 16

lowers LDL by 30-50%

Question 17

Cholesterol metabolism

Answer 17

Zetia (lowers LDL)

Question 18

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Answer 18

reduce LDL, raise HDL and TG
Questran, colestid, welchol

Question 19

Nicotinic Acid

Answer 19

lowers LDL & TG, raises HDL
Inhibits formation of lipoproteins

Question 20

Fibric Acids

Answer 20

lowers LDL & TG (20-50%), raise HDL (& LDL with high TG)

Question 21

Causes elevated TG

Answer 21

high carb diets, obesity, inactivity, excess alc

Question 22

HT stage 1

Answer 22

130-139/80-89

Question 23

HT stage 2

Answer 23

>130-139/90

Question 24

LDL

Answer 24

Major cholesterol transport lipoprotein; high levels associated with ASCVD

Question 25

inverse relationship between ____ levels and ____

Answer 25

HDL, CVD

Question 26

Lipoprotein profile: modify when

Answer 26

elevated LDL & TG, low HDL

Question 27

Inflammatory markers

Answer 27

Elevated fibrinogen, CRP, trimethylamine N-oxide & homocysteine

Question 28

sat fat recommendation

Answer 28

5-6% total kcals

Question 29

linoleic acid

Answer 29

large amounts can decrease HDL

Question 30

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 30

cluster of conditions that increase risk of chronic diseases. (high bp/blood sugar, obesity, low HDL, high TG)

Question 31

causes of metabolic syndrome

Answer 31

obesity, inactivity, high carb diet, genetic

Question 32

high carb diets

Answer 32

> 60% of energy

Question 33

small LDL particles

Answer 33

cause plaque build-up to progress faster

Question 34

pt has clinical ASCVD recommendation

Answer 34

>/= 10% recommend medication and nonparmacotherapt/lifestyle modifications

Question 35

diet to never give

Answer 35

low ca

Question 36

Splanchnic circulation constricted

Answer 36

goal: decrease cardiac work load Small frequent feedings of soft or liquid foods

Question 37

reduce potential arrhythmias

Answer 37

eliminate caffeine, liquid diet (first 24hrs), fluid and sodium restriction

Question 38

heart failure symptoms

Answer 38

SOB, increase BNP (progressive, no cure)

Question 39

heart compensated

Answer 39

for poor co2, heart increases

Question 40

heart decompensated