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Med-Surg 2 > cardiac medications > Flashcards

cardiac medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Beta blockers

A

-lol

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2
Q

Metoprolol

A

beta blocker

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3
Q

Atenolol

A

beta blocker

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4
Q

Beta Blocker Purpose

A

Monitor BP
Use caution with respiratory conditions

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

-pril

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6
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE Inhibitor

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7
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE Inhibitor

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8
Q

ACE Inhibitors Purpose

A

help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure

May interact with ASA and Nsaids
Monitor for anioedema

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9
Q

ARB’s

A

-sartan

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10
Q

Losartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker

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11
Q

Valsartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker

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12
Q

Angiotensin receptor blocker Purpose

A

Alternative if cough develops from ACE inhibitor

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13
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker

A

Zem, Dipines, Mil

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14
Q

Dilitzem

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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15
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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16
Q

Verampamil

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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17
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker Purpose

A

Treat conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, chest pain, and abnormal heart rhythms

Avoid grapefruit juice
Concerns for pts with HF or heart block, decreases HR

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18
Q

a-adrenergic agonist

A

Works on CNS for HTN

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19
Q

Clonidine

A

a-adrenergic agonist

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20
Q

a-adrenergic agonist considerations

A

Sedation
Anticholinergic SE
Orthostatic Hypotension

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21
Q

a-adrenergic blockers

A

Produces vasodilation for HTN

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22
Q

Doxazosin

A

a-adrenergic blockers

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23
Q

a-adrenergic blockers considerations

A

May cause severe hypotension with ED medications (sildenafil)

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24
Q

Vasodilator

A

Reduces SVR and BP
Reduces preload SVR

For HTN

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25
Nitroglycerin
Vasodilator
26
Vasodilator Considerations
Multiple routes Sublingual for angina
27
Loop Diuretics
Increase exertion of Na and Cl
28
Furosemide
Loop Diuretic for HTN
29
Bumetanide
Loop Diuretic for HTN
30
Loop Diuretics Considerations
Monitor for orthostatic hypotension Caution with NSAIDS Encourage K-rich foods
31
Potassium-Sparring Diuretics
Reduces exertion of K and Na
32
Triamterene
Potassium-Sparring Diuretic for HTN
33
Spironolactone
Potassium-Sparring Diuretic for HTN
34
Potassium-Sparring Diuretics Considerations
Monitor for hyperkalemia
35
Thiazides
Increase excretion of Na and Cl
36
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide
37
Thiazides Considerations
Encourages K-rich foods Avoid NSAIDS
38
Direct Vasodilators Purpose
Used for hypertensive crisis Given by IV Infusion with pump (wrap IV solutions in opaque material to protect from light) Arterial monitoring of BP
39
Direct Vasodilators Examples
Nicardipine, nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside
40
Adrenergic Inhibitor
Labetalol
41
Adrenergic Inhibitors Considerations
Keep supine during IV admin SE Severe orthostatic hypotension DON'T DISCONTINUE ABRUPTLY
42
During Hypertensive Crisis
Check BP and HR every 2-3 minutes ECG monitoring on U/O checked every hour Bedrest
43
Lipid-lowering
Lifelong therapy
44
Lipid Lowering use of Statins
Uses statins to inhibit cholesterol synthesis, decrease LDL, increases HDL, and lower CRP
45
Lipid Lowering use of Statins Considerations
Monitor for liver damage and myalgia
46
Lipid Lowering use of Niacin
Lowers LDL and triglyceride by inhibiting synthesis Increases HDL SE: Flushing, GI, ortho hypotension
47
Low dose ASA
81 mg
48
Antiplatelet Therapy
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
49
Angina Drug Therapy Goal
Lower O2 demand and/or Increase O2 Supply
50
MONA
morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin and aspirin
51
Short-acting Nitrates
Dilate peripheral and coronary blood vessels Give sublingually or by spray If no relief in 5 minutes, call EMS If some relief, repeat for 5 minutes for 3 doses Patient Teaching Can use prophylactically
52
Long-acting Nitrates
Reduce angina incidence SE: Headache, orthostatic hypotension Admin: Oral, NTG ointment, transdermal controlled release
53
Angina Drug Therapy 01
ACE and ARB
54
Angina Drug Therapy 02
Beta Blockers
55
Angina Drug Therapy 04
Lipid lowering drugs
55
Angina Drug Therapy 03
Calcium channel blockers
56
STEMI
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
57
Thrombolytics
Used for STEMI when cardiac cath not available
58
Reteplase
Thrombolytics for STEMI
59
Alteplase
Thrombolytics for STEMI
60
Tenecteplase
Thrombolytics for STEMI
61
STEMI Thrombolytics Requirement
Chest pain with STEMI S/S started less than 12 hours ago
62
STEMI Thrombolytics Contradictions
Need 2 IV Lines Monitor ECG Start heparin after admin If bleeding starts, stop drug and notify provider (drop in BP, tachycardia, neuro changes, blood in urine/stool)
63
CHF Acute Drug Therapy
Diuretics and Vasodilators Morphine and Positive Inotropes
64
Diuretics for CHF Acute
Decrease volume overload (preload) Loop diuretics - Furosemide
65
Vasodilators for CHF Acute
Reduce circulating blood volume and improve coronary artery circulation IV nitroglycerin Sodium Nitroprusside
66
Morphine for CHF Acute
Reduces preload and afterload Relieves dyspnea and anxiety
67
Positive Inotropes for CHF Acute
Beta agonists (dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine [levophed]) Digitalis
68
Chronic HF Drug Therapy
Diuretics, ACE Inhibitors, Beta blockers, vasodilators, positive inotropic agents, and ARB
69
Diuretics for Chronic HF
Loop- Furosemide Thiazide- Hydrochlorothiazide Potassium Sparring- Spironolactone
70
ACE Inhibitors for Chronic HF
Catopril and Enalapril
71
ARB for Chronic HF
Losartan and Valsartan
72
Beta Blockers for Chronic HF
Carvedilol Check BP 1 hr after starting
73
Vasodilators for Chronic HF
Nitrates and Hydralazine
74
Positive Inotropic Agents for Chronic HF
Digitalis/Digoxin Monitor labs (potassium, magnesium, digozin level) Check apical HR for 1 full minute prior
75
Inhibitor of Cardiac Sinus Node for Chronic HF
Ivabradine Must be in sinus rhythm with resting HR of > 70 bpm and taking highest dose beta blockers Inhibits sinus node Reduces HR Decreases risk of hospitalization for worsening HF
76
ECG - Dysrhythmias
Atropine increases HR Adenosine given for heart block Amiodarone given for ventricular arrhthymias Propranolol given for tachycardia Epinephrine - PAC, PVCs, bradycardia, run of V tach
77
Endocarditis (IV Antibiotics)
PO Antibiotics prevention
78
Pericarditis
NSAIDS hard on the GI Corticosteroids Antibiotics
79
Structural HD
Anticoagulants
80
Interprofessional Care for ACE Inhibitors
Ramipril (Altace) Decrease cardiovascular morbidity, mortality Increase peripheral blood flow, ABI, and walking distance
81
Interprofessional Care for Antiplatelet agents
Aspirin Clopidogrel (Plavix)
82
Treatment of intermittent claudication
Cliostazol (Pletal) inhibits platelet aggregation increases vasodilation Pentoxifyline (Trental) improves deformability of RBCs and WBCs decreases fibrinogen concentration, platelet adhesiveness, and blood viscosity
83
Vitamin K Agonists
Warfarin given PO same time every day Antidote: Vitamin K Monitor : INR
84
Unfractionared Heparin
Heparin-Sodium given IV or SQ Antidote: Protamine Monitor: aPTT
85
Low molecular weight heparin
Enoxaparin (Lovwnox) given SQ, don't remove the bubble Antidote: Protamine Monitor: CBC
86
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Bivalirudin (Angiomax) Route: IV Monitor: aPTT
87
Factor Xa Inhibitor
Apixaban (Eliquis) PO
88
I lower cholsterol and must be taken at bedtime. Watch out for muscle pain!
Statin
89
I am a fast-acting vasodilator taken sublingually for chest pain
Nitroglycerin Don't give with viagra (phil)
90
I am a calcium channel blocker that relaxed blood vessels and reduces heart workload
Spironolactine Triatemene
91
I am a potassium-sparing diuretic used for heart failure, be careful with hyperkalemia
Zem, dipemene, mil

Med-Surg 2 (9 decks)

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