Supporting Ventilation Key Points

Question 1

Breathing Exercises

Answer 1

Pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing help increase lung inflation, prevent air trapping, and slow the respiratory rate

Question 2

Airway Clearance Techniques

Answer 2

Help patients clear the airways of secretions. Includes huff coughing, chest physical therapy, postural drainage, percussion, vibration, commercially available airway clearance devices, and high frequency chest oscillation.

Question 3

O2

Answer 3

Most important drug a nurse can administer to a patient

Question 4

Fraction of Inspired Oxygen

Answer 4

FIO2

Dose of oxygen

Question 5

Dose of Oxygen

Answer 5

Tailored to each patient’s condition and circumstances

Question 6

O2 Administration

Answer 6

Low-flow or High-flow O2 delivery devices

Question 7

O2 Admin Considerations

Answer 7

Always administer O2 at the lowest possible flow rate while maintaining acceptable SpO2 and SaO2 targets

Question 8

Complications of O2 Therapy

Answer 8

include combustion, O2 toxicity, absorption atelectasis, CO2 narcosis, and, rarely, infection

Question 9

O2 Therapy Management

Answer 9

Evaluating the patient’s level of consciousness (LOC), hemodynamic stability, auscultation of lung sounds, SpO2, and arterial blood gasses (ABGs)

Question 10

Artificial Airways

Answer 10

Help provide a route for ventilation

Question 11

Common Artificial Airways

Answer 11

Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, endotracheal tube, nasotracheal tube, and tracheostomy

Question 12

Nasopharyngeal Airway

Answer 12

For conscious patients

Question 13

Oropharyngeal Airway

Answer 13

For unconscious patients

Question 14

ET Tube and Nasotracheal Tube

Answer 14

For patients who require invasive mechanical ventilation

Question 15

Tracheostomy

Answer 15

Invasive mechanical ventilation and long-term ventilator support

Question 16

Bronchoscopy and Thoracentesis Purpose

Answer 16

Help facilitate diagnosis of conditions and enhance ventilation

Question 17

Chest Tubes and Pleural Drainage Systems Purpose

Answer 17

Drain blood or air from the chest cavity

Question 18

Insertion Priorities

Answer 18

Explain the procedure, position the patient, analgesia, and provide emotional support

Question 19

Chest Drainage Unit

Answer 19

CDU

Three chambers: Collection, water-seal, and suction control

Question 20

Suction Control

Answer 20

Can be wet AND dry

Question 21

Post-Chest Tube Insertion Management

Answer 21

Monitoring vital signs and chest tube drainage, performing dressing changes, ensuring integrity of the CDU (tidaling, bubbling, all connections securely taped), and troubleshooting

Question 22

Chest Tube Removal

Answer 22

Apply a petroleum gauze dressing over the site, monitoring vital signs, assessing lung sounds, chest x-ray and providing pain relief

Question 23

Thoracotomy

Answer 23

Incision into the chest Drainage Unit

Commonly encountered respiratory surgical procedure

Question 24

Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery

Answer 24

Minimally invasive procedure to diagnose, treat, and biopsy

Commonly encountered respiratory surgical procedure

Question 25

Noninvasive Ventilation

Answer 25

NIV Application of an interface (nasal or full-face mask) to support ventilation

Question 26

Most Common Form of NIV

Answer 26

Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure Bi-PAP

Question 27

Bi-PAP

Answer 27

2 levels of pressure: IPAP and EPAP

Question 28

Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure

Answer 28

IPAP Helps with CO2 removal

Question 29

Expiration Positive Airway Pressure

Answer 29

EPAP Helps with Oxygenation

Question 30

NIV Patient

Answer 30

Must be awake, alert, spontaneously breathing, and able to cough/ clear secretions

Question 31

NIV Patient Care

Answer 31

Monitoring LOC, vital signs, elevating the HOB, providing eye/mouth/skin/nare care, and observing patient response

Question 32

Most Common Mechanical Ventilation

Answer 32

Positive Pressure Ventilation

Question 33

Positive Pressure Ventilation

Answer 33

Air is pushed into the patient’s lungs

Question 34

Mechanical Ventilation Patients

Answer 34

Those with acute respiratory failure, apnea, cannot protect their own airway, and hypoxemia

Question 35

Tidal Volume

Answer 35

A certain amount of air is given with each breath

Question 36

Pressure

Answer 36

A certain amount of air is delivered to the patient until a peak inspiratory pressure is reached

Question 37

Intubation

Answer 37

The process of placing the ET tube or Nasotracheal tube into the patient’s airway/ trachea

Question 38

Pre Intubation

Answer 38

Explain the procedure, position the patient, provide analgesia and sedation, help hyper-oxygenate with bag-valve mask, and have FIO2 at 100%

Question 39

Bag-Valve Mask

Answer 39

BVM

Question 40

Rapid Sequence Intubation

Answer 40

Provide analgesia, sedation, and a paralytic drug so that we can rapidly secure the airway

Question 41

Post Intubation

Answer 41

Confirm the placement of the tube

Question 42

Tracheostomy

Answer 42

A surgical procedure that involves placing a small plastic tube in the trachea of a patient who cannot be successfully extubated or those patients who will require long-term mechanical ventilation

Question 43

Tracheostomy Patient Care

Answer 43

Changing the tracheostomy dressing, observing site for signs/symptoms of infection, keeping the tracheostomy patent, suctioning using closed/open technique, and changing tracheostomy ties.

Question 44

Accidental Decannulation

Answer 44

Emergency! Unintentional removal of the tracheostomy tube from the patient’s airway

Question 45

Passy-Muir Valve

Answer 45

A device that will help permit speech with a tracheostomy tube