cardiac meds Flashcards
(23 cards)
what does vasoconstriction do to the blood pressure?
increase BP
what does vasodilation do to the blood pressure?
decreases BP
what is the most important implementation when giving meds?
determine is it safe to give this medication at this time
what are we worried about when giving meds that get rid of fluid?
BP dropping
what meds get rid of fluid?
diuretics (furosemide), ACE inhibitors (lisinopril), ARBs (losartan)
when are we worried about BP
if the medication is changing vessel size or fluid levels
when would you hold a med?
antihypertensives: BP <100/60; HR <60
warfarin: if PT is too high or too low a range depends on normal 0.8-1.2 on warfarin 2.0-3.0, with a mechanical valve 2.5-3.5
heparin in PTT is too high or low
why could someone have a low HR?
just woke up, other meds, athlete, normal
what happens during vasodilation of veins?
venous return slows so decreases the work of the heart
what happen during vasodilation of arteries (ateriodilation)?
decrease in BP
what is the first line of defence for HTN?
furosemide (diuretics)
brief description of the RAAS system
low BP and low volume cause the release of renin from the kidneys. that stimulates the conversion of angio 1 to angio 2 in the lungs with the angio converting enzyme. angio 2 causes vasoconstriction and increased BP, and the release of aldosterone which retains Na+ and water and excretes K+ which increases blood volume
where do ACE inhibitors interrupt the RAAS system?
by blocking the conversion of angio 1 to angio 2
where do ARBs interrupt the RAAS system?
block angio 2 receptors and do not allow them to do their job
what is the normal range for PT?
0.8-1.2 secs
what is the therapeutic range for someone on warfarin?
2.0-3.0 secs
what is the therapeutic range if the pt has a mechanical valve?
2.5-3.5 secs
what classes of medications do yu just check BP for?
diuretics (furosemide), ACE inhibitors (lisinopril), ARBS (losartan), nitrates (nitroglycerin)
what classifications of medications do you just check HR for?
cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
what classifications of medications do you check BP and HR for?
calcium channel blockers (diltiazem), beta-blockers (metoprolol)
which will affect aPPT, hep subq or hep IV?
Hep IV
what can hep subq lead to?
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). a potentially devastating immune-mediated adverse drug reaction caused by the emergence of antibiotics that activate platelets in the presence of heparin
what medications does grapefruit juice interfere with?
calcium channel blockers, warfarin, some statins
