Cardiac Mummurs/Pathophys Flashcards
(52 cards)
What murmur is hear in mitral stenosis?
OS followed by mid-late-DISASTOLIC rumbling
Systolic murmurs: (4)
- Aortic/Pulmonic Stenosis
- Mitral/Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Ventricular Septal Defect
Diastolic murmurs: (2)
- Aortic/Pulmonic Regurgitation
2. Mitral/Tricuspid Stenosis
What type of murmur is a mitral valve prolapse?
Systolic
What is the murmur head with mitral prolapse?
systolic murmur with mid-systolic click; d/t excess valvular tissue prolapsing from Left atrium.
Clinical signs commonly associated with aortic regurgitation: (3)
- Head bobbing
- Pulsating nail bed (d/t widened pulse pressure)
- Water hammer pulse (d/t widened pulse pressure)
______ regurgitation is an early, high pitched “blowing” diastolic murmur.
Aortic regurgitation
3 causes of aortic stenosis?
- cong. bicuspid aortic valve (pt. <30 years)
- degenerative age-related calcified aortic valve (pt. >60)
- chronic rheumatic fever
In a sexually active Pt. a high pitched, blowing diastolic murmur suggests what valvular issue?
aortic regurg; ==> soft, tumor-like growths concerning for gummas in tertiary phase of syphillis.
_______ regurgitation: holosystolic high pitched “blowing” murmur, heard loudest at the apex, radiates to the axilla.
Mitral regurg.
what murmur presents as a holosystolic high pitched “blowing” murmur, heard loudest at the apex, radiates to the axilla.
Mitral regurgitation
what cardiac valvular issue can lead to left-atrial dilation and hypertrophy which compresses the esophagus and lead to dysphagia for solids?
Mitral stenosis
What cardiac valvular issue leads to increase in systolic pressure leads to an increased pulse pressure?
Aortic Regurgitation. ejected blood from the aorta back to the L.V. during diastole. this decrease peripheral arterial diastolic pressure leading to a increase LVEDV, which increases SV.
“Pulsus parvus et tardus”: pulses are weak and late compared to heart beat due to outflow obstruction secondary to a stenotic _____ valve
aortic valve
A prior MI is concerning for (what murmur?) with papillary muscle dysfunction
mitral regurgitation
Exertional dyspnea, angina, syncope, and a congenital bicuspid valve usually point to what valvular issue?
aortic stenosis
Tertiary syphilis is associated with (what murmur?) Patients may also present with “gummas,” or, soft tumors on his or her hands and elbows.
aortic regurgitation
What murmur is almost always secondary due to rheumatic heart disease?
Mitral stenosis; typically presents with signs of pulmonary congestion, rather than angina.
what murmur typically presents with signs of pulmonary congestion, rather than angina?
Mitral stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse associated with genetic disorders (5)
- Marfan’s syndrome
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- ADPKD
- Fragile X syndrome
- Klinefelter syndrome
That is the classic triad S/Sx of aortic stenosis?
- Syncope (decreased blood flow to brain).
- Angina (decreased blood flow through coronary arteries in diastole).
- Dyspnea.
Pt. with the following S/SX ==> ?
- Osler nodes (tender subcutaneous lesions on finger or toe pads)
- Splinter hemorrhages
- Janeway lesions (painless erythematous lesions on palms or soles)
endocarditis; Multiple positive blood cultures are required to diagnose bacterial endocarditis.
____________ is a systolic murmur with mid systolic click due to excess valvular tissue prolapsing into the left atrium
Mitral prolapse
Papillary muscle damage post MI causes what murmur?
mitral regurgitation
