Final Push! Flashcards
myxomatous changes is found in which layer of large arteries?
Media; cystic medial degeneration. ~w/ Marfan Syndrome; aortic aneurysms and dissections.
upper lung involvement and cavitary lesion = ??
secondary/reactivation
leukocytoclastic angiitis with IgA and C3 deposition = ?
HSP
What two vessels runs together along the posterior aspect of the humerus?
Deep brachial (profunda brachii) and Radial n.
Endoneural inflammatory infiltration?
Guillain-Barre syndrome; Campy infection
What is the mc underlying cause of developing infective endocarditis?
Mitral Valve Prolapse
intracellular gram-positive bacilli, diary products, in immuno-comp pt.?
Listeria
What drugs decrease insulin resistance by binding to Peroxisome proliterator-activated-receptor-gamma?
Thizolidinediones
Ondansetron MOA?
inhibits serotonin (5-HT3) Tx. n/v
confusion, agitation, tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperreflexia, hyperthemia, diaphoresis = ?
Serotonin Syndrome (not not have Sx of Muscle rigidity
On Gross: soft, poorly defined areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, commonly in cerebral hemispheres = ?
glioblastoma; can cross the corpus collosum
fibrous dysplasia (multiple osteolytic lesions and hip & pelvic)
cafe-au-lait spots
Endocrine abnormalities
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)
activating mutation in G-protein/CAMP/AC signalling pathway.
What does carntitine deficiency causes what?
Carntitine def. impairs fatty acid tansport from the cytoplasm into mitochrondia, prevents beta-oxidation of FAs into acetyl-CoA –> cardiac and skeletal myocyte injury (lack of ATP from TCA cycle)
What part of the spine is affected in Pt. with RA?
Cervical spine; subluxation, cord compression
What does the AI immune response target in MS?
Oligodendrocytes
In HIV, the polyprotein product of the env gene is glycosylated to become what?
env ==> gp160 == cleeaved ==> gp120 and gp41 envelop glycoproteins that works in virion attachment to target cells.
Large, unilateral adnexal mass that secretes estrogen that causes endometrial hyperplasia?
Granulosa cells tumors ~ post-menopausal women ~ increase [inhibin] ~ Call-Exnar bodies ~ yellow on gross d/t lipid content of Theca cells.
Call-Exnar bodies = ?
cells arranged in a microfollicular or rosette pattern ~ Granulosa Cell Tumors
Tx of Delirium?
Hadol; NOT benzo, benzos can worsen confusional states in the eldery!
What is the main psychological effects of sublingual nitroglycerin!?
Venodilation with a decrease in LVEDV (preload) and decrease wall stress ==> decrease myocardial O2 demand and relief in Stable Angina
What is the major ProgX factor of bladder cancers?
Transitional cells cancers, painless, gross hematuria; tumor penetration of bladder wall is major ProgX factor
obliterative intimal thickening, tubular atrophy, intersitital fibrosis = ?
chronic renal allograft rejection; worsening HTN, and progressive rise in serum creatinine.
Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in pulm alveoli =
chronic elevation of Pulm.Capillary hydrostatic pressure; d/t to Left-Sided HF.
Iron shows up on Prussian-Blue stain
Triad of: neurological abnormalities, hypoxemia, patechial rash in a pt. with long bone/pelvic fractures = ?
fat embolism syndrome; leads to fat microglobules in pulmonary arterioles.
