Cardiac/renal Flashcards
(16 cards)
Murmur along LEFT lower sternal border
Peaking crescendo de crescendo
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
2nd L intercostal space (systolic)
Left to right shunt
Pulmonary mid systolic flow murmur
Tricuspid diastolic flow rumble
RBBB
Fixed splitting of S2
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
(ASD)
Diastolic decrescendo murmur
Left sternal border
aortic regurg
Late peaking systolic ejection murmur, carotid radiation, pulsus parvus et tarsus.
What murmur is this?
Aortic stenosis
What diabetic meds reduce CKD progression
SGLT-2: gliflozin
GLP-1 : glucose
AAA
<4 q2-3 yr US
4 <5.5 CT angio or duplex q6-12 months
>5.5 ends repair or open surgery
If bicuspid valve and getting aortic stenosis surgery then get repear at
>4.5 cm
If other risk factor for dissection ok to repat >5 cm
If rate >_ 0.5cm/year
Decrescendo diastolic murmur
L sternal border
Aortic regurg
Systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur
R upper Sternal border
Aortic stenosis
Diastolic murmur
2nd L sternal border
Increases w inspiration
Pulmonar regurg
RTA TYPE 1
1. Potassium
2. Chloride
3. Risk of what
(Distal)
1. Low potassium
2. High chloride
3. Risk of calcium phosphate stones
Normal anion gap
RTA Type 4
Causes
- Drugs that reduce aldosterone production: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, heparin, and NSAIDs
- Diabetest mellitus
RTA Type 4
1. Potassium
2. Ammonia
3. Urine anion gap
High K
Ammonia: decreased production
positive urine anion gap
([Urine Sodium + Urine Potassium] – Urine Chloride),
RTA type 2
1. Potassium
2. Phosphorus
3.urine finding
(Proximal)
1. Low potassium
2. Low phosphorus
3. Glucose in urine
Normal anion gap
Gitelman syndrome
- blood pressure
- K and mag
- acid base
- serum Ca
- urine Ca excretion,
Gitelman syndrome
- low BP
- Low K, low Mag
-metabolic alkalosis
- high normal serum Ca
-Low urine Ca excretion
Surreptitious Vomiting
-K
-acid base
-urine chloride
- Low K
- Met alkalosis
- low Urine Cl
Acid base of laxative abuse
normal anion gap
metabolic acidosis
