Cardiac Surgery Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the most frequently diseased coronary artery and most often bypass during CABG surgery?
Left anterior descending artery
What is the most commonly used Venous conduit as it is straightforward to harvest?
The long saphenous vein
What are the alternative vein conduit?
Short saphenous vein or upper limb vein such as cephalic vein
What is the most common conduit of choice for LAD grafting?
The left internal mammary artery or internal thoracic artery
Which artery is used as an alternative arterial bypass graft ?
Radial artery
What test should be performed when assessing a patient in whom radial artery harvest is planned?
Allen’s test and alternative to this test is vascular assessment of the radial and ulnar arteries with ultrasound
What is the most common complication of mechanical valve ?
Thrombus formation
What is the currently drug of choice of antithrombotic therapy?
Warfarin
When does the primitive vascular tube is fully developed?
By the 12 weeks of fetal life
What is the difference of fetal circulation from an adult circulation?
The right and left ventricle pump blood in parallel rather than in series
Soon after birth, pulmonary vascular resistance falls because of the action of breathing and resulting pulmonary _________
Vasodilation
Within 30 minutes of delivery, what constricts in response to increase blood oxygen levels?
The ductus arteriosus
After birth, what causes the stopping of Venous blood flow from the placenta?
Cutting and tying the umbilical cord
After cutting and tying of umbilical cord, it lowers the inferior vene cava pressure and with falling pulmonary vascular resistance and right atrial pressure falls which result in closure of
Foremen ovale
The abolition of Venous return from the placenta also causes the closure of
Ductus venosus
Recognised association with congenital heart disease includes the infection in maternal factors
Rubella
Recognised association with congenital heart disease the genetic factors includes
Single gene defects: Marfan, Noonan, Holt Oram syndrome
Chromosomal defects: trisomy 21 which is down syndrome , trisomy 18 Edward syndrome, Trisomy 13 Patau syndrome, Turner syndrome klinefelter syndrome
Deletions : Di George and William syndromes
What is the most common cause of right to left shunting of blood in cyanotic congenital cardiac lesions ?
Tetralogy of fallot
How many percent of cases does acyanotic congenital heart disease is represent?
75%
Examples of left to right shunt are
PDA, ASD, VSD
What is the most common CAYNOTIC congenital heart disease?
Tetraology of fallot
What includes an pentalogy of fellot?
VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy and ASD
The location of coarctation of aorta
Below the attachment of ligamentum arteriosum
The most common type of VSD
Peri membranous or conoventricular defect which is about 70 to 80% usually located with the membranous septum
