The Thorax Flashcards
(29 cards)
The lungs are derived from
An outpouching of the primitive foregut during the fourth week of intra uterine life
Why does inhaling foreign bodies are more likely to enter the right main Bronchus then left main Bronchus ?
As RMB is shorter, wider and nearly vertical compared with the LMB
Which nerve goes anteriorly of the Hilum?
Phrenic nerve
Which nerve goes posteriorly of Hilum ?
Vagus nerve
In a vigourous cough, which muscle is probably relaxed in the body
Diaphragm
What is the most commonly found pulmonary function test?
Spirometry
What is the ratio of FEV1 and FVC one which indicates a restrictive pathology?
Normal
A low ratio of FEV1/FVC indicates obstruction and the taste should be repeated after
Bronchodilators
What is the normal values of pH?
7.35-7.45
What is the normal value of PACO2?
4.5-6 kPa or 35-50 mmHg
What is the normal value of PAO2?
11 to 14 KPA or 83-105 mmHg
What is the normal value of standard bicarbonate?
22-28 mmol/L
What is the normal value of an anion gap?
10-16 mmol/L
What is the normal value of chloride?
98-107 mol/L
Who are most likely to be affected by primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
75% of cases are in young men who tend to be tall and have a family history of the condition
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is due to
Leaks from Small blebs ,vesicles or Bullae which may become pedunculated
The safest site for insertion of a chest drain is in the triangle that lies
Anterior to the mid auxiliary line, above the level of the nipple ,below and lateral to the pectoralis major muscle
What is the major risk factor for developing bronchial carcinoma?
Cigarette smoking
What is the first investigation in suspected lung cancer?
Computed tomography
For all malignancy, what is the most common site of metastasis that often develop through haematogenous spread?
Lung second common is kidney
What is the most common benign lung tumour?
Hamartoma, which is a developmental abnormality containing mesothelial and endothelial elements
What is the most common mediastinal tumour?
Thymoma
Which mediastinum is the most common site of extragonadal germ cell tumour?
Anterior
