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REx-PN > Cardiac System > Flashcards

Cardiac System Flashcards

1
Q

What is coronary artery disease?

A

plaque (Cholesterol deposits) narrow the coronary arteries causing decreased blood flow to the heart causing MI

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2
Q

What is the symptoms of coronary artery disease?

A

H: heart attack
A: angina
S: SOB

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3
Q

What is the treatment of coronary artery disease?

A

life style changes, aspirin, medication, CCB, ace inhibitors, nitro

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4
Q

What is the diagnosis of coronary artery disease?

A

ECG, stress test, angiogram, cardiac catherization

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5
Q

What is stable angina?

A

insufficient oxygen to the heart muscle caused by CAD. these symptoms get better with nitro spray

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6
Q

What is the symptoms of stable angina?

A

H: head spinning
A: are tired
D: diaphoretic

P: pain in chest
A: associated pain in neck/jaw/shoulder/back
I: is SOB
N: nauseated

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7
Q

What is the treatment of stable angina?

A

lifestyle choices, aspirin, cholesterol lowering meds, Niro

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8
Q

What is the diagnosis of stable angina?

A

ECG, stress test, angiogram, cardiac catherization

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9
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

occlusion of coronary artery causes lack of oxygen to the heart muscle resulting in physical symptoms and severe cardiac compromise

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10
Q

What is the symptoms of unstable angina?

A

H: head spinning
A: are tired
D: diaphoretic

P: pain in chest
A: associated pain in neck/jaw/shoulder/back
I: is SOB
N: nauseated

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11
Q

What is the treatment of unstable angina?

A

thrombolytic agents, aspirin, cholesterol lowing meds, nitro
OMAN- oxygen, morphine, aspirin, nitro

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12
Q

What is the diagnosis of unstable angina?

A

blood test(troponin), ECG, Chest X-ray

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13
Q

What is the immediate interventions of unstable angina?

A

OMAN- oxygen, morphine, aspirin, nitro

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14
Q

What is congestive heart failure?

A

inadequate tissue perfusion

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15
Q

What is the treatment of congestive heart failure?

A

medications (ace inhibitors, arbs, dioxin, diuretics), daily weights, monitor oxygen and labs,

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16
Q

What is the diagnosis of congestive heart failure?

A

physical assessment, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, B-natriuretic peptide:positive

17
Q

What is the symptoms of LS congestive heart failure?

A

LUNGS
crackles, coughing, orthopnea, tiredness, blood tinged sputum, hypoxia, confused, cyanosis

18
Q

What is the symptoms of RS congestive heart failure?

A

REST BODY
dependent edema, enlarged spleen/liver, ascites, tired,

19
Q

What is pulmonary edema?

A

result of left sided heart failure. heart unable to move fluid forward and it back flows into the lungs causing pulmonary distress

20
Q

What is the symptoms of pulmonary edema?

A

S: SOB
H: hypoxia
O: onset sudden
R: restless
T: tinged sputum (pink)

21
Q

What is the diagnosis of pulmonary edema?

A

physical assessment, chest x-ray, ABG, ECH, echocardiogram

22
Q

What is the treatment for pulmonary edema?

A

sit upright, O2, diuretics, morphine, nitro, possible mechanical ventilation

23
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

buildup of fluid within the pericardium puts pressure on the heart

24
Q

What is the symptoms of cardiac tamponade?

A

dyspnea, distended jugular veins, decreases CO, decreased BP, distant heart sounds

25
Q

What is the diagnosis for cardiac tamponade?

A

High CVP, low BP
chest cray, CT scan, MRI, ECG, echocardiogram

26
Q

What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade?

A

emergent treatment, pericardiocentesis, dopamine and dobutamine to maintain BP, pericardiectomy

27
Q

What is cardiac catheterization?

A

catheter into heart via peripheral artery.

28
Q

What is percutaneous coronary intervention?

A

angioplasty/stents, emergent for STEMI, risk for MI, anticoagulants pre and post off

29
Q

What is coronary artery bypass graft?

A

done for multiple vessel or left main artery occlusion

REx-PN (14 decks)

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